{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886706106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_28","title":"Majority Is Not Enough: Bitcoin Mining Is Vulnerable","display_name":"Majority Is Not Enough: Bitcoin Mining Is Vulnerable","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886706106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_28","mag":"2886706106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_28","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087255124","display_name":"Ittay Eyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ittay Eyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043731494","display_name":"Emin G\u00fcn Sirer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emin G\u00fcn Sirer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087255124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":63.37,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1405,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99994161,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"436","last_page":"454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.8308109045028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7159892320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.7082220315933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.6912476420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6409264802932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.5683004856109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compromise","display_name":"Compromise","score":0.539570152759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4410712718963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/currency","display_name":"Currency","score":0.4314188063144684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.24128034710884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1909789741039276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1354796588420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13046523928642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-economics","display_name":"Monetary economics","score":0.0976046621799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.08614912629127502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.8308109045028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7159892320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.7082220315933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6912476420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6409264802932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5683004856109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.539570152759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4410712718963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.4314188063144684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.24128034710884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1909789741039276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1354796588420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13046523928642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.0976046621799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08614912629127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_28","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136591830","https://openalex.org/W179922057","https://openalex.org/W1581121707","https://openalex.org/W1601001795","https://openalex.org/W2013686672","https://openalex.org/W2057248704","https://openalex.org/W2066462806","https://openalex.org/W2143624305","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2188530018","https://openalex.org/W2214897964","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W6813241423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W2801622120","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W2164141394","https://openalex.org/W4240977217","https://openalex.org/W3036524962","https://openalex.org/W2508088450","https://openalex.org/W4303984095","https://openalex.org/W3194174502"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":142},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":199},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":216},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":208},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":175},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
