{"id":"https://openalex.org/W751446670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_2","title":"Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logics","display_name":"Many-Valued and Fuzzy Logics","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W751446670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_2","mag":"751446670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065024440","display_name":"Siegfried Gottwald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siegfried Gottwald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. Philosophy, Leipzig University, Beethovenstr. 15, 04107, Leipzig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. Philosophy, Leipzig University, Beethovenstr. 15, 04107, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065024440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71843155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-interval","display_name":"Unit interval","score":0.7456762790679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-norm-fuzzy-logics","display_name":"T-norm fuzzy logics","score":0.7214910984039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6154998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoidal-t-norm-logic","display_name":"Monoidal t-norm logic","score":0.5972720980644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-calculus","display_name":"Propositional calculus","score":0.5458356738090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.540928840637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.5362427234649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/many-valued-logic","display_name":"Many-valued logic","score":0.5221712589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5182280540466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-semantics","display_name":"Algebraic semantics","score":0.5151652097702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunction","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","score":0.5070662498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/\u0142ukasiewicz-logic","display_name":"\u0141ukasiewicz logic","score":0.46368473768234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44845882058143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.4300379753112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-value","display_name":"Truth value","score":0.42870935797691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.42860400676727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.4185154139995575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-function","display_name":"Truth function","score":0.4168770909309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.3667113184928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.29875925183296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2939716577529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.28221917152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substructural-logic","display_name":"Substructural logic","score":0.25072354078292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-number","display_name":"Fuzzy number","score":0.23245283961296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2071363925933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.19879651069641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12381604313850403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128394911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987578","display_name":"Unit interval","level":2,"score":0.7456762790679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86602344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667918","display_name":"T-norm fuzzy logics","level":5,"score":0.7214910984039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6154998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98224912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901647","display_name":"Monoidal t-norm logic","level":5,"score":0.5972720980644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69562738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200694","display_name":"Propositional calculus","level":2,"score":0.5458356738090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.540928840637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.5362427234649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150889026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185502","display_name":"Many-valued logic","level":3,"score":0.5221712589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5182280540466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779729104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4724013","display_name":"Algebraic semantics","level":3,"score":0.5151652097702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5070662498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206321295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8080919","display_name":"\u0141ukasiewicz logic","level":5,"score":0.46368473768234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44845882058143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.4300379753112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46274116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185521","display_name":"Truth value","level":2,"score":0.42870935797691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.42860400676727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.4185154139995575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37754750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913874","display_name":"Truth function","level":3,"score":0.4168770909309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.3667113184928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.29875925183296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2939716577529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28221917152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144760519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839490","display_name":"Substructural logic","level":4,"score":0.25072354078292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1883856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407463","display_name":"Fuzzy number","level":4,"score":0.23245283961296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2071363925933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.19879651069641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12381604313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16267316","https://openalex.org/W72673440","https://openalex.org/W100162645","https://openalex.org/W136232721","https://openalex.org/W207334168","https://openalex.org/W377680676","https://openalex.org/W653369967","https://openalex.org/W1120761376","https://openalex.org/W1485625483","https://openalex.org/W1504992749","https://openalex.org/W1511669762","https://openalex.org/W1516119557","https://openalex.org/W1519478560","https://openalex.org/W1535673504","https://openalex.org/W1566552629","https://openalex.org/W1577270377","https://openalex.org/W1580732237","https://openalex.org/W1966321785","https://openalex.org/W1972451186","https://openalex.org/W1976537120","https://openalex.org/W1979726628","https://openalex.org/W1983382657","https://openalex.org/W1988623045","https://openalex.org/W1989030813","https://openalex.org/W1989431146","https://openalex.org/W1997196510","https://openalex.org/W1997230328","https://openalex.org/W2000260716","https://openalex.org/W2011526622","https://openalex.org/W2012072427","https://openalex.org/W2013088431","https://openalex.org/W2014108518","https://openalex.org/W2015436680","https://openalex.org/W2016722102","https://openalex.org/W2018418081","https://openalex.org/W2018957484","https://openalex.org/W2024065710","https://openalex.org/W2025898504","https://openalex.org/W2040277462","https://openalex.org/W2041549181","https://openalex.org/W2043389664","https://openalex.org/W2046701989","https://openalex.org/W2060345474","https://openalex.org/W2060401660","https://openalex.org/W2067610414","https://openalex.org/W2072551221","https://openalex.org/W2082093772","https://openalex.org/W2084613039","https://openalex.org/W2085117067","https://openalex.org/W2090670604","https://openalex.org/W2091957209","https://openalex.org/W2096482476","https://openalex.org/W2110182592","https://openalex.org/W2116314945","https://openalex.org/W2119353490","https://openalex.org/W2138022794","https://openalex.org/W2141313404","https://openalex.org/W2162295045","https://openalex.org/W2238512101","https://openalex.org/W2314816493","https://openalex.org/W2319549361","https://openalex.org/W2398182983","https://openalex.org/W2398503045","https://openalex.org/W2474062823","https://openalex.org/W2496338429","https://openalex.org/W2611923347","https://openalex.org/W3152800724","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4230659860","https://openalex.org/W4232808478","https://openalex.org/W4234672050","https://openalex.org/W4238742468","https://openalex.org/W4246378692","https://openalex.org/W4250746159","https://openalex.org/W4250979335","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293176479","https://openalex.org/W4388216468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294175725","https://openalex.org/W16267316","https://openalex.org/W637989598","https://openalex.org/W1595640337","https://openalex.org/W2310799747","https://openalex.org/W77555893","https://openalex.org/W2030948396","https://openalex.org/W1975241902","https://openalex.org/W1570957963","https://openalex.org/W751446670"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}