{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226227944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36932-3_70","title":"Offer Proprietary Algorithms Still Protection of Intellectual Property in the Age of Machine Learning?","display_name":"Offer Proprietary Algorithms Still Protection of Intellectual Property in the Age of Machine Learning?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226227944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36932-3_70"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-658-36932-3_70","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36932-3_70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235615","display_name":"Informatik aktuell","issn_l":"1431-472X","issn":["1431-472X","2628-8958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatik aktuell","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101619735","display_name":"Andreas Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-5284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, N\u00fcrnberg, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, N\u00fcrnberg, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079910160","display_name":"Seung Hee Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-6610"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Hee Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Artificial Intelligence in Medical Engineering, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, N\u00fcrnberg, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Artificial Intelligence in Medical Engineering, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, N\u00fcrnberg, Deutschland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033210702","display_name":"Farhad Maleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5673-8210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Maleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Kanada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Kanada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108715714","display_name":"Nikesh Muthukrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikesh Muthukrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Kanada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Kanada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074411488","display_name":"Reza Forghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-1864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Forghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Kanada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Kanada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101619735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6821,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63112354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"345","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.6522913575172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.631007194519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6076745390892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5944015979766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.553835928440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5387877225875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5024750232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.49851012229919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49139562249183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.45652666687965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4544832706451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4448379576206207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4189381003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4106660485267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15389907360076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1309254765510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12426301836967468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.6522913575172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.631007194519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6076745390892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5944015979766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.553835928440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5387877225875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5024750232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.49851012229919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49139562249183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.45652666687965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4544832706451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4448379576206207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4189381003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4106660485267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15389907360076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1309254765510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12426301836967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-658-36932-3_70","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36932-3_70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235615","display_name":"Informatik aktuell","issn_l":"1431-472X","issn":["1431-472X","2628-8958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatik aktuell","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626427215","https://openalex.org/W1975658718","https://openalex.org/W2038153718","https://openalex.org/W2061227608","https://openalex.org/W2116234996","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2902378515","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2964118901","https://openalex.org/W2993998909","https://openalex.org/W3092661142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998011869","https://openalex.org/W4213209802","https://openalex.org/W4298146316","https://openalex.org/W2236267847","https://openalex.org/W631166945","https://openalex.org/W4282843169","https://openalex.org/W2391064200","https://openalex.org/W3176706560","https://openalex.org/W657751226","https://openalex.org/W2131420021"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}