{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1835840496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59802-9_55","title":"Unlimited Vocabulary Script Recognition Using Character N-Grams","display_name":"Unlimited Vocabulary Script Recognition Using Character N-Grams","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1835840496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59802-9_55","mag":"1835840496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59802-9_55","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59802-9_55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235615","display_name":"Informatik aktuell","issn_l":"1431-472X","issn":["1431-472X","2628-8958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatik aktuell","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019467460","display_name":"A. Brakensiek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102195","display_name":"Mercator Institute for China Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/017jr1555","country_code":"DE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102195"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anja Brakensiek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg, D-47057, Duisburg, Deutschland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg, D-47057, Duisburg, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017400582","display_name":"Daniel Willett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102195","display_name":"Mercator Institute for China Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/017jr1555","country_code":"DE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102195"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Willett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg, D-47057, Duisburg, Deutschland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg, D-47057, Duisburg, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102195"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039092855","display_name":"Gerhard Rigoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-1596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102195","display_name":"Mercator Institute for China Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/017jr1555","country_code":"DE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102195"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Rigoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg, D-47057, Duisburg, Deutschland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg, D-47057, Duisburg, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019467460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102195"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8244,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72638436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"436","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7770744562149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7044757008552551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.6693428754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6663615107536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6520116329193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6357466578483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6148841381072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5604913234710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.5051599144935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-word-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","score":0.4835957884788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45269447565078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.4416111707687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.42867642641067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3517797887325287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.22305181622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10682317614555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06891047954559326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7770744562149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7044757008552551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.6693428754806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6663615107536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6520116329193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6357466578483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6148841381072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5604913234710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5051599144935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17649283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044162","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","level":5,"score":0.4835957884788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45269447565078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.4416111707687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.42867642641067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3517797887325287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.22305181622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10682317614555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06891047954559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59802-9_55","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59802-9_55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235615","display_name":"Informatik aktuell","issn_l":"1431-472X","issn":["1431-472X","2628-8958"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatik aktuell","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.38.2134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.38.2134","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.fb9-ti.uni-duisburg.de/publ/00/dagm00-anb.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515875477","https://openalex.org/W1549285799","https://openalex.org/W1832054303","https://openalex.org/W1990036093","https://openalex.org/W1999210360","https://openalex.org/W2055853283","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2139908308","https://openalex.org/W2157515255","https://openalex.org/W2158390728","https://openalex.org/W2169627992","https://openalex.org/W2475509118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807010332","https://openalex.org/W2103284915","https://openalex.org/W2109541578","https://openalex.org/W1553385386","https://openalex.org/W2155703146","https://openalex.org/W2136016133","https://openalex.org/W1965820674","https://openalex.org/W2016111244","https://openalex.org/W1835840496","https://openalex.org/W2137411777"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}