{"id":"https://openalex.org/W145349166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45743-2_16","title":"Annotations are not \u201cfor free\u201d: The Need for Runtime Layer Support in Hypertext Engines","display_name":"Annotations are not \u201cfor free\u201d: The Need for Runtime Layer Support in Hypertext Engines","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W145349166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45743-2_16","mag":"145349166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45743-2_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45743-2_16","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing User Interfaces for Hypermedia","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111973284","display_name":"Christine M. Neuwirth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine M. Neuwirth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108203792","display_name":"Ravinder Chandhok","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravinder Chandhok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013022885","display_name":"David S. Kaufer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Kaufer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104057526","display_name":"James H. Morris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073330418","display_name":"Paul Erion","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Erion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018394339","display_name":"Dale Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-4954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dale Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03378378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"156","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertext","display_name":"Hypertext","score":0.9543613195419312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7811803817749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7181378602981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4969516098499298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.49190807342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoring-system","display_name":"Authoring system","score":0.45005345344543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39937281608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3312194347381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.27001118659973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19034290313720703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162215914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93241","display_name":"Hypertext","level":2,"score":0.9543613195419312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7811803817749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7181378602981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4969516098499298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.49190807342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776803701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2463207","display_name":"Authoring system","level":2,"score":0.45005345344543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39937281608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3312194347381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.27001118659973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19034290313720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45743-2_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45743-2_16","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing User Interfaces for Hypermedia","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974750372","https://openalex.org/W1989065937","https://openalex.org/W1989278766","https://openalex.org/W1995113026","https://openalex.org/W2000882695","https://openalex.org/W2026859428","https://openalex.org/W2082954984","https://openalex.org/W2101518532","https://openalex.org/W2118580108","https://openalex.org/W2120695484","https://openalex.org/W2154117351","https://openalex.org/W2156694623","https://openalex.org/W2158046522","https://openalex.org/W2164395272","https://openalex.org/W6675322943","https://openalex.org/W6682668962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542087859","https://openalex.org/W1978289737","https://openalex.org/W1996475966","https://openalex.org/W2281761402","https://openalex.org/W4236138493","https://openalex.org/W1974718229","https://openalex.org/W1767249193","https://openalex.org/W2075798685","https://openalex.org/W2153735780","https://openalex.org/W1581248261"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}