{"id":"https://openalex.org/W54079225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40486-3_4","title":"HFST \u2014 A System for Creating NLP Tools","display_name":"HFST \u2014 A System for Creating NLP Tools","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W54079225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40486-3_4","mag":"54079225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40486-3_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40486-3_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42166","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001408607","display_name":"Krister Lind\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-303X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krister Lind\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005015814","display_name":"Erik Axelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Axelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028952369","display_name":"Senka Drobac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-3079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senka Drobac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062668232","display_name":"Sam Hardwick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Hardwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052590222","display_name":"Juha Kuokkala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-7473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Kuokkala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085296827","display_name":"Jyrki Niemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9806-3549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyrki Niemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081540257","display_name":"Tommi A. Pirinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-5395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommi A Pirinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027026724","display_name":"Miikka Silfverberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miikka Silfverberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001408607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88657755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7716274261474609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.592903733253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5485613346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state","display_name":"Finite state","score":0.5268888473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.5010592937469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49408772587776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.45536866784095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4111078679561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2237163782119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10015511512756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.04087817668914795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7716274261474609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.592903733253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5485613346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983497884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite state","level":3,"score":0.5268888473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.5010592937469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49408772587776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.45536866784095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4111078679561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2237163782119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10015511512756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.04087817668914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40486-3_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40486-3_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/42166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42166","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/42166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42166","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42166","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W54079225.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3872466","https://openalex.org/W144705967","https://openalex.org/W1515847863","https://openalex.org/W1531892924","https://openalex.org/W1533946607","https://openalex.org/W1556741941","https://openalex.org/W1574711892","https://openalex.org/W1597191941","https://openalex.org/W1607576325","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1651266083","https://openalex.org/W1941319617","https://openalex.org/W1996228297","https://openalex.org/W2020278455","https://openalex.org/W2046592963","https://openalex.org/W2251475507","https://openalex.org/W2479468547","https://openalex.org/W2575007773","https://openalex.org/W2913252902","https://openalex.org/W3032265120","https://openalex.org/W4211138600","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532285316","https://openalex.org/W4281261571","https://openalex.org/W4387024110","https://openalex.org/W2535494882","https://openalex.org/W1571505340","https://openalex.org/W2477217219","https://openalex.org/W2103029213","https://openalex.org/W4387581576","https://openalex.org/W4254987752","https://openalex.org/W2765148997"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
