{"id":"https://openalex.org/W132655277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38868-2_5","title":"Gradient Competition Anisotropy for Centerline Extraction and Segmentation of Spinal Cords","display_name":"Gradient Competition Anisotropy for Centerline Extraction and Segmentation of Spinal Cords","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W132655277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38868-2_5","mag":"132655277","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24683957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38868-2_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38868-2_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050849109","display_name":"Max W. K. Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Max W. K. Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Healthcare, Canada","University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Healthcare, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082340306","display_name":"Gregory J. Garvin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-2741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151658","display_name":"St Joseph's Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/05rj7xr73","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151658"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory J. Garvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Joseph\u2019s Health Care London, London, Canada","University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Joseph\u2019s Health Care London, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013713821","display_name":"Sudhakar Tummala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhakar Tummala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037569376","display_name":"KengYeow Tay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KengYeow Tay","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada","University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018121490","display_name":"Andrew Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-1574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew E. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada","University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386630","display_name":"Shuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-3230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Healthcare, Canada","University of Western Ontario, London, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Healthcare, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Ontario, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050849109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94446249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7556344866752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6142629384994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvilinear-coordinates","display_name":"Curvilinear coordinates","score":0.588961124420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy","display_name":"Anisotropy","score":0.5204765796661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4920946955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.46018749475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-tensor","display_name":"Structure tensor","score":0.4531479477882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4407840073108673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.4406138062477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.43902310729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36884385347366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29496288299560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2643270492553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.25976529717445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1767381727695465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1558394730091095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7556344866752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6142629384994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98343798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790208","display_name":"Curvilinear coordinates","level":2,"score":0.588961124420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.5204765796661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4920946955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.46018749475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113315163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625159","display_name":"Structure tensor","level":3,"score":0.4531479477882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4407840073108673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4406138062477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.43902310729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36884385347366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29496288299560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2643270492553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.25976529717445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1767381727695465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1558394730091095}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016880","descriptor_name":"Anisotropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016880","descriptor_name":"Anisotropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016880","descriptor_name":"Anisotropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38868-2_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38868-2_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:24683957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24683957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information processing in medical imaging : proceedings of the ... conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.713.3079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.713.3079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://digitalimaginggroup.ca/members/Shuo/gradientcompare.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480380503","https://openalex.org/W1499038423","https://openalex.org/W1502565078","https://openalex.org/W1544290427","https://openalex.org/W1777631236","https://openalex.org/W1970557382","https://openalex.org/W1988382024","https://openalex.org/W1991140840","https://openalex.org/W2038495454","https://openalex.org/W2045782417","https://openalex.org/W2048316306","https://openalex.org/W2080622120","https://openalex.org/W2103139706","https://openalex.org/W2106471914","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2117132237","https://openalex.org/W2129438083","https://openalex.org/W2129534965","https://openalex.org/W2131602268","https://openalex.org/W2156098294","https://openalex.org/W2160744602","https://openalex.org/W2213286051","https://openalex.org/W2245074608","https://openalex.org/W2494050007","https://openalex.org/W3089669417","https://openalex.org/W3100149427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367601375","https://openalex.org/W2371750680","https://openalex.org/W2360227361","https://openalex.org/W1999171692","https://openalex.org/W1600077717","https://openalex.org/W2017712750","https://openalex.org/W4248757939","https://openalex.org/W4289541490","https://openalex.org/W2952610069","https://openalex.org/W3001048588"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
