{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1496528007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_25","title":"Improved Efficiency of Road Sign Detection and Recognition by Employing Kalman Filter","display_name":"Improved Efficiency of Road Sign Detection and Recognition by Employing Kalman Filter","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1496528007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_25","mag":"1496528007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_25","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045355680","display_name":"Usman Zakir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Usman Zakir","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSPIRA Laboratory, Division of Computing Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSPIRA Laboratory, Division of Computing Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062211930","display_name":"Amir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSPIRA Laboratory, Division of Computing Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK","Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSPIRA Laboratory, Division of Computing Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108263231","display_name":"Liaqat Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liaqat Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSPIRA Laboratory, Division of Computing Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSPIRA Laboratory, Division of Computing Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372676","display_name":"Bin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-5055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045355680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77722464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"216","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7954031229019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7333410978317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6822981834411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.6159551739692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5917720794677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5846762657165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.511489987373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.500147819519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4799366593360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.4410552978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.43727853894233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37933844327926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1668064296245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0817214846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07744130492210388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7954031229019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7333410978317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6822981834411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.6159551739692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5917720794677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5846762657165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.511489987373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.500147819519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4799366593360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4410552978515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.43727853894233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37933844327926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1668064296245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0817214846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07744130492210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_25","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/16520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_25#","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:1793151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1793151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G687224823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/I009310/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W783813770","https://openalex.org/W972004842","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2117853853","https://openalex.org/W2314750500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317418752","https://openalex.org/W2107628111","https://openalex.org/W2394004323","https://openalex.org/W2547328273","https://openalex.org/W2398764543","https://openalex.org/W2027335291","https://openalex.org/W4210328553","https://openalex.org/W1580685205","https://openalex.org/W2550210748","https://openalex.org/W4221037879"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
