{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2208237615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_13","title":"Hybrid Grammar Language Model for Handwritten Historical Documents Recognition","display_name":"Hybrid Grammar Language Model for Handwritten Historical Documents Recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2208237615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_13","mag":"2208237615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044325949","display_name":"N\u00faria Cirera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N\u00faria Cirera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090099386","display_name":"Al\u00edcia Forn\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Al\u00edcia Forn\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084881849","display_name":"Volkmar Frinken","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volkmar Frinken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065907624","display_name":"Josep Llad\u00f3s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-4739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Llad\u00f3s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044325949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88892238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"117","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9008036851882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7259211540222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6657172441482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6522578597068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6321912407875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.622346818447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-word-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","score":0.6161794066429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5762902498245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5670990943908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5439801216125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5426431894302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5311269760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-processing","display_name":"Document processing","score":0.5008106231689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.47919902205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.46595367789268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4397628605365753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.43333035707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.34909164905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.24090537428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.18368425965309143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9008036851882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7259211540222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6657172441482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6522578597068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6321912407875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.622346818447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17649283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044162","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","level":5,"score":0.6161794066429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5762902498245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5670990943908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5439801216125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5426431894302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5311269760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67905146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5287646","display_name":"Document processing","level":2,"score":0.5008106231689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.47919902205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.46595367789268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4397628605365753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.43333035707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.34909164905548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.24090537428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.18368425965309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10704533","https://openalex.org/W88081813","https://openalex.org/W1972703995","https://openalex.org/W2008274828","https://openalex.org/W2065672539","https://openalex.org/W2092858021","https://openalex.org/W2093639041","https://openalex.org/W2115746737","https://openalex.org/W2147393756","https://openalex.org/W2149700683","https://openalex.org/W4255234640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2891374022","https://openalex.org/W2682989974","https://openalex.org/W2584088274","https://openalex.org/W4379619998","https://openalex.org/W4398756423","https://openalex.org/W2387947931","https://openalex.org/W2122120008","https://openalex.org/W2153054283","https://openalex.org/W2095300807"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}