{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103902709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","title":"Obscure Giants: Detecting the Provider-Free ASes","display_name":"Obscure Giants: Detecting the Provider-Free ASes","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103902709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","mag":"2103902709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067893495","display_name":"Syed Hamid Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-3226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain","Institute IMDEA Networks, Spain","Carlos III University of Madrid (Avd. Universidad 30, Legan\u00e9s 28911 - Spain)","Institute IMDEA Networks [Madrid] (Avenida del Mar Mediterr\u00e1neo, 22 28918 Legan\u00e9s Madrid - Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute IMDEA Networks, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlos III University of Madrid (Avd. Universidad 30, Legan\u00e9s 28911 - Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute IMDEA Networks [Madrid] (Avenida del Mar Mediterr\u00e1neo, 22 28918 Legan\u00e9s Madrid - Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065909038","display_name":"Sergey Gorinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-8081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Gorinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute IMDEA Networks, Spain","Institute IMDEA Networks [Madrid] (Avenida del Mar Mediterr\u00e1neo, 22 28918 Legan\u00e9s Madrid - Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute IMDEA Networks, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute IMDEA Networks [Madrid] (Avenida del Mar Mediterr\u00e1neo, 22 28918 Legan\u00e9s Madrid - Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067893495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":4.4227,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94266055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"149","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12536","display_name":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","score":0.9602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8080590963363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.6784648895263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.56130450963974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5310319662094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5220206379890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5161029100418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4895363748073578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4756997525691986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4677325189113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4384724199771881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.43117013573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4253387749195099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.384630411863327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33570635318756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21604788303375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17010128498077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12235933542251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07390856742858887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8080590963363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6784648895263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.56130450963974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5310319662094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5220206379890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5161029100418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4895363748073578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4756997525691986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4677325189113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4384724199771881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.43117013573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4253387749195099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.384630411863327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33570635318756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21604788303375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17010128498077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12235933542251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07390856742858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.645.3666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.645.3666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://fourier.networks.imdea.org/~sergey_gorinsky/pdf/Giants_Networking_2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.703.9478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.703.9478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.networks.imdea.org/%7Esyedanwarul_hasan/documents/publications/Giants_Networking_2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01531969v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01531969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"11th International Networking Conference (NETWORKING), May 2012, Prague, Czech Republic. pp.149-160, ⟨10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-30054-7_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103902709.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103902709.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518765779","https://openalex.org/W1539009946","https://openalex.org/W1553890664","https://openalex.org/W1574986862","https://openalex.org/W1595451540","https://openalex.org/W1846523235","https://openalex.org/W1972846140","https://openalex.org/W1999507172","https://openalex.org/W2049248012","https://openalex.org/W2085963983","https://openalex.org/W2100752355","https://openalex.org/W2103117727","https://openalex.org/W2103440894","https://openalex.org/W2104471584","https://openalex.org/W2106600328","https://openalex.org/W2108735263","https://openalex.org/W2111708605","https://openalex.org/W2120514843","https://openalex.org/W2130725804","https://openalex.org/W2144089718","https://openalex.org/W2151972741","https://openalex.org/W2155758158","https://openalex.org/W2158608926","https://openalex.org/W2160565743","https://openalex.org/W2162146532","https://openalex.org/W2164511281","https://openalex.org/W2232837659","https://openalex.org/W2295430786","https://openalex.org/W2613763371","https://openalex.org/W4250395763","https://openalex.org/W4292414168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W2355730523","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W152021879","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W3017343191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0,33],"routing":[1],"depends":[2],"on":[3,26,94],"economic":[4,77],"relationships":[5,78],"between":[6],"ASes":[7,28],"(Autonomous":[8],"Systems).":[9],"Despite":[10],"extensive":[11],"prior":[12],"research":[13],"of":[14,48,70,75,99,106,133],"these":[15],"relationships,":[16],"their":[17],"characterization":[18],"remains":[19],"imprecise.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,57,83],"focus":[25],"provider-free":[27,50],"that":[29,92,112],"reach":[30],"the":[31,38,42,49,54,103,107,113,119,131,134],"entire":[32],"without":[34],"paying":[35],"anyone":[36],"for":[37,65],"traffic":[39],"delivery.":[40],"While":[41],"ground":[43],"truth":[44],"about":[45],"PFS":[46,71,117],"(set":[47],"ASes)":[51,100],"lies":[52],"outside":[53],"public":[55,73,121],"domain,":[56],"use":[58],"trustworthy":[59],"non-verifiable":[60],"sources":[61],"as":[62],"a":[63,85,124],"baseline":[64],"result":[66],"validation.":[67],"Straightforward":[68],"extraction":[69],"from":[72,118],"datasets":[74,122],"inter-AS":[76],"yields":[79],"poor":[80],"results.":[81],"Then,":[82],"develop":[84],"more":[86],"sophisticated":[87],"Temporal":[88],"Cone":[89],"(TC)":[90],"algorithm":[91,115,136],"relies":[93],"topological":[95],"statistics":[96],"(customer":[97],"cones":[98],"and":[101],"exploits":[102],"temporal":[104],"diversity":[105],"datasets.":[108],"Our":[109],"evaluation":[110],"shows":[111],"TC":[114,135],"infers":[116],"same":[120],"with":[123],"significantly":[125],"higher":[126],"accuracy.":[127],"We":[128],"also":[129],"assess":[130],"sensitivity":[132],"to":[137],"its":[138],"parameters.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}