{"id":"https://openalex.org/W25670074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29350-4_5","title":"Enriching Domain-Specific Language Models Using Domain Independent WWW N-Gram Corpus","display_name":"Enriching Domain-Specific Language Models Using Domain Independent WWW N-Gram Corpus","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W25670074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29350-4_5","mag":"25670074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29350-4_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29350-4_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071050392","display_name":"Harry Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harry Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071050392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01451812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12478","display_name":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8882972598075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.6445194482803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6089674830436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5853375196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.5242462754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5241466164588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5120676159858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5105603933334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5094020962715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.46673473715782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.4573901891708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4569753110408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.44271108508110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4306179881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24483808875083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1750965714454651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8882972598075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.6445194482803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6089674830436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5853375196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5242462754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5241466164588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5120676159858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5105603933334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5094020962715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.46673473715782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.4573901891708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4569753110408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.44271108508110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4306179881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24483808875083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1750965714454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29350-4_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29350-4_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30564313","https://openalex.org/W170829023","https://openalex.org/W1565266494","https://openalex.org/W1934041838","https://openalex.org/W1978478796","https://openalex.org/W2010942558","https://openalex.org/W2075201173","https://openalex.org/W2075726856","https://openalex.org/W2105830342","https://openalex.org/W2128381480","https://openalex.org/W2134237567","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2291824537","https://openalex.org/W2623273758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2250909759","https://openalex.org/W2532616038","https://openalex.org/W2787311093","https://openalex.org/W155946694","https://openalex.org/W1555968995","https://openalex.org/W4307474317","https://openalex.org/W2147879411","https://openalex.org/W2624072012","https://openalex.org/W2057384730","https://openalex.org/W2008468404"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
