{"id":"https://openalex.org/W13978995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23954-0_7","title":"Learning to Tag Text from Rules and Examples","display_name":"Learning to Tag Text from Rules and Examples","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W13978995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23954-0_7","mag":"13978995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23954-0_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23954-0_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109267259","display_name":"Michelangelo Diligenti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelangelo Diligenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022658803","display_name":"Marco Gori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-5430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080411641","display_name":"Marco Maggini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-1265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Maggini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57940492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8939392566680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5345066785812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5227534770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4953230917453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.459994912147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.4387274384498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.433665931224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.43032991886138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4300243854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4219207167625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3986654579639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1312185525894165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8939392566680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5345066785812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5227534770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4953230917453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.459994912147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4387274384498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.433665931224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.43032991886138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4300243854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4219207167625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3986654579639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1312185525894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23954-0_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23954-0_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/23249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11365/23249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83766628","https://openalex.org/W1933411530","https://openalex.org/W1974935332","https://openalex.org/W1975055980","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2099693464","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2155144632","https://openalex.org/W2164429865","https://openalex.org/W2281080695","https://openalex.org/W2318875203","https://openalex.org/W2596585349","https://openalex.org/W2913081710","https://openalex.org/W3140910462","https://openalex.org/W4234672050","https://openalex.org/W4392846541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}