{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1728059826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","title":"Applying Formal Methods to Detect and Resolve Ambiguities in Privacy Requirements","display_name":"Applying Formal Methods to Detect and Resolve Ambiguities in Privacy Requirements","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1728059826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","mag":"1728059826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-20769-3_22.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175514","display_name":"IFIP International Federation for Information Processing/IFIP","issn_l":"1571-5736","issn":["1571-5736","1861-2288"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-20769-3_22.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061046049","display_name":"Ioannis Agrafiotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Agrafiotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004437304","display_name":"Sadie Creese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-9657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadie Creese","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063148097","display_name":"Michael Goldsmith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-0600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064128088","display_name":"Nick Papanikolaou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Papanikolaou","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96717295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"271","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.764663815498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7228794097900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.657149612903595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5976851582527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.45334550738334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.44782060384750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revocation","display_name":"Revocation","score":0.44742351770401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.41057950258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.29815757274627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2960489094257355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1686878204345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.14468857645988464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.764663815498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7228794097900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.657149612903595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5976851582527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.45334550738334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.44782060384750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775892892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509517","display_name":"Revocation","level":3,"score":0.44742351770401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.41057950258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.29815757274627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2960489094257355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1686878204345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14468857645988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-20769-3_22.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175514","display_name":"IFIP International Federation for Information Processing/IFIP","issn_l":"1571-5736","issn":["1571-5736","1861-2288"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01559472v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01559472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"6th International Summer School (ISS), Aug 2010, Helsingborg, Sweden. pp.271-282, ⟨10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:2b63a288-0662-4a96-b1c9-51af3e589c45","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2b63a288-0662-4a96-b1c9-51af3e589c45","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:81bb7504-52d6-4045-b23d-5cd63bc59d9d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81bb7504-52d6-4045-b23d-5cd63bc59d9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science","raw_type":"Book"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20769-3_22","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-20769-3_22.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175514","display_name":"IFIP International Federation for Information Processing/IFIP","issn_l":"1571-5736","issn":["1571-5736","1861-2288"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G660039247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G002541/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7579643146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G002541/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1728059826.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1728059826.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64177210","https://openalex.org/W72496981","https://openalex.org/W96395447","https://openalex.org/W1033594374","https://openalex.org/W1480201135","https://openalex.org/W1505817364","https://openalex.org/W1578699256","https://openalex.org/W1731719946","https://openalex.org/W1771794686","https://openalex.org/W2066266646","https://openalex.org/W2119067110","https://openalex.org/W2402574774","https://openalex.org/W2557607105","https://openalex.org/W2796621058","https://openalex.org/W3184218770","https://openalex.org/W4233094271","https://openalex.org/W6830562084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049993111","https://openalex.org/W2145025660","https://openalex.org/W2171674700","https://openalex.org/W1922520186","https://openalex.org/W1544097700","https://openalex.org/W1946493810","https://openalex.org/W1553537032","https://openalex.org/W1495250406","https://openalex.org/W17088386","https://openalex.org/W1608485412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,86],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,81],"demonstrate":[4],"how":[5],"formal":[6,56,78],"methods":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9],"used":[10],"to":[11,61,69],"unambiguously":[12],"express":[13],"privacy":[14],"requirements.":[15],"We":[16,38],"focus":[17],"on":[18],"requirements":[19,47],"for":[20,85],"consent":[21],"and":[22,42,58],"revocation":[23],"controls":[24],"in":[25,49],"a":[26,55,77],"real":[27],"world":[28],"case":[29],"study":[30],"that":[31,44],"has":[32],"emerged":[33],"within":[34],"the":[35,40,74],"EnCoRe":[36],"project.":[37],"analyse":[39],"ambiguities":[41,66],"issues":[43],"arise":[45],"when":[46],"expressed":[48],"natural":[50],"language":[51],"are":[52],"transformed":[53],"into":[54],"notation,":[57,79],"propose":[59],"solutions":[60],"address":[62],"these":[63],"issues.":[64],"These":[65],"were":[67],"brought":[68],"our":[70],"attention":[71],"only":[72],"through":[73],"use":[75],"of":[76],"which":[80],"have":[82],"designed":[83],"specifically":[84],"purpose.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}