{"id":"https://openalex.org/W146694006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15976-3_3","title":"From Benchmarks to Generalised Expectations","display_name":"From Benchmarks to Generalised Expectations","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W146694006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15976-3_3","mag":"146694006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15976-3_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15976-3_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229206","display_name":"Studies in fuzziness and soft computing","issn_l":"1434-9922","issn":["1434-9922","1860-0808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003856687","display_name":"Erio Castagnoli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801187332","display_name":"Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei","ror":"https://ror.org/05wfehw39","country_code":"IT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801187332"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71209653","display_name":"Bocconi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05crjpb27","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erio Castagnoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana, via Accademia 47, 46100, Mantova, Italy","Dipartimento di Scienze delle Decisioni, Universit\u00e0 Commerciale \u201cLuigi Bocconi\u201d, via R\u00f6ntgen 1, 20136, Milano, Italy","Dipartimento di Scienze delle Decisioni, Universit\u00e0 Commerciale \"Luigi Bocconi\", via R\u00f6ntgen 1, 20136, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana, via Accademia 47, 46100, Mantova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801187332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze delle Decisioni, Universit\u00e0 Commerciale \u201cLuigi Bocconi\u201d, via R\u00f6ntgen 1, 20136, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze delle Decisioni, Universit\u00e0 Commerciale \"Luigi Bocconi\", via R\u00f6ntgen 1, 20136, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056887580","display_name":"G. Favero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0410-0645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gino Favero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Economia, Sezione di Matematica \u201cEugenio Levi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma, via Kennedy 6, 43125, Parma, Italy","Dipartimento di Economia, Sezione di Matematica \"Eugenio Levi\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma, via Kennedy 6, 43125, Parma, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Economia, Sezione di Matematica \u201cEugenio Levi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma, via Kennedy 6, 43125, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Economia, Sezione di Matematica \"Eugenio Levi\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma, via Kennedy 6, 43125, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003856687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801187332","https://openalex.org/I71209653"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03814046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9391000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6505216360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6081268787384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5442602038383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5015907287597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.472832053899765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.4667430520057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choquet-integral","display_name":"Choquet integral","score":0.44348204135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4381042718887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.419343501329422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3986503481864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3625219166278839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3284735083580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.3119250535964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21855273842811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.11905050277709961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6505216360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6081268787384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5442602038383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5015907287597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.472832053899765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.4667430520057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112799922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5104911","display_name":"Choquet integral","level":3,"score":0.44348204135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4381042718887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.419343501329422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3986503481864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3625219166278839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3284735083580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3119250535964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21855273842811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.11905050277709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15976-3_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15976-3_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229206","display_name":"Studies in fuzziness and soft computing","issn_l":"1434-9922","issn":["1434-9922","1860-0808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74376642","https://openalex.org/W197630247","https://openalex.org/W652265748","https://openalex.org/W1822482370","https://openalex.org/W1965761421","https://openalex.org/W1988975249","https://openalex.org/W2016042546","https://openalex.org/W2039419986","https://openalex.org/W2051689095","https://openalex.org/W2055799429","https://openalex.org/W2057655795","https://openalex.org/W2061028661","https://openalex.org/W2087171145","https://openalex.org/W2087651383","https://openalex.org/W2090613325","https://openalex.org/W2120912301","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2495589014","https://openalex.org/W2794967715","https://openalex.org/W2796971335","https://openalex.org/W3015469787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213046089","https://openalex.org/W1541916863","https://openalex.org/W2042690472","https://openalex.org/W2110605196","https://openalex.org/W2359864538","https://openalex.org/W2036267305","https://openalex.org/W2162798826","https://openalex.org/W2119409761","https://openalex.org/W2132757829","https://openalex.org/W2163770090"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}