{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1504992226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03991-1","title":"The DARPA Urban Challenge: Autonomous Vehicles in City Traffic","display_name":"The DARPA Urban Challenge: Autonomous Vehicles in City Traffic","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1504992226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03991-1","mag":"1504992226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:ebook:18400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078/ebook:18400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028770972","display_name":"M. Buehler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-3078"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Buehler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-3078","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109992129","display_name":"Karl Iagnemma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Iagnemma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641190","display_name":"Sanjiv Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-2888"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjiv Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-2888","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028770972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":354,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97972973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"626","last_page":"626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.7426000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.7426000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.6805999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4708002805709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.46295151114463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.45066890120506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44753387570381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.434476763010025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.43300721049308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43070054054260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4058189392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3559821546077728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3525767922401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.35151541233062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3316843807697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3235305845737457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29366376996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.21101197600364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17625516653060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.11056458950042725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4708002805709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.46295151114463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.45066890120506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44753387570381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.434476763010025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.43300721049308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43070054054260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4058189392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3559821546077728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3525767922401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.35151541233062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3316843807697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3235305845737457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29366376996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.21101197600364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17625516653060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11056458950042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:ebook:18400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078/ebook:18400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"mag:1504992226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB03054197?l=en","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Springer eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2505763307","https://openalex.org/W102190310","https://openalex.org/W2154844948","https://openalex.org/W2121806728","https://openalex.org/W2055207897","https://openalex.org/W2343568200","https://openalex.org/W2032924574","https://openalex.org/W2477231637","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2167224731","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2148361676","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2611243847","https://openalex.org/W3212743282","https://openalex.org/W2336416123","https://openalex.org/W2021063678","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W1988126250","https://openalex.org/W1544016679"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
