{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1511130282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","title":"An Empirical Study of the Reuse of Software Licensed under the GNU General Public License","display_name":"An Empirical Study of the Reuse of Software Licensed under the GNU General Public License","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1511130282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","mag":"1511130282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027592388","display_name":"Daniel M. Germ\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel M. German","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066580987","display_name":"Jes\u00fas M. Gonz\u00e1lez-Barahona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9682-460X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas M. Gonz\u00e1lez-Barahona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027592388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4893,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98759542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"185","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.8446801900863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.6426563262939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.6359972953796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6342794299125671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5332455635070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5181492567062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4904284179210663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.357060968875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27428358793258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1768568754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10194858908653259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.8446801900863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.6426563262939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.6359972953796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6342794299125671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5332455635070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5181492567062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4904284179210663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.357060968875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27428358793258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1768568754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10194858908653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.473.785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.473.785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://flosshub.org/system/files/Empirical Study of the Reuse of Software.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.584.2676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.584.2676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://turingmachine.org/~dmg/papers/dmg2009_oss_gpl.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-02032-2_17.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185096","display_name":"IFIP advances in information and communication technology","issn_l":"1868-422X","issn":["1868-422X","1868-4238"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1511130282.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1511130282.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173903018","https://openalex.org/W610761218","https://openalex.org/W1533595436","https://openalex.org/W1548392951","https://openalex.org/W2016623872","https://openalex.org/W2031538364","https://openalex.org/W2104863266","https://openalex.org/W2120160565","https://openalex.org/W2154473425","https://openalex.org/W2255306289","https://openalex.org/W2271105442","https://openalex.org/W2530839357","https://openalex.org/W2753756458","https://openalex.org/W3123019745","https://openalex.org/W4388060825","https://openalex.org/W6794251774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606446052","https://openalex.org/W2036021480","https://openalex.org/W3195777957","https://openalex.org/W2382668227","https://openalex.org/W1600660831","https://openalex.org/W3121534095","https://openalex.org/W2748265938","https://openalex.org/W183572561","https://openalex.org/W4287673983","https://openalex.org/W3081674575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"licensing":[1],"is":[2,43,74,141],"a":[3],"complex":[4,35,123],"issue":[5],"in":[6,69,122],"free":[7],"and":[8,116,124,139],"open":[9],"source":[10],"software":[11,73,87,99],"(FOSS),":[12],"specially":[13],"when":[14,38],"it":[15],"involves":[16],"the":[17,41,46,51,54,67,103,107,132,135,145],"redistribution":[18],"of":[19,24,40,48,50,53,66,106,129,134,147],"derived":[20],"works.":[21],"The":[22],"creation":[23],"derivative":[25,95],"works":[26,96],"created":[27],"from":[28],"components":[29,42,77],"with":[30,76,97],"different":[31,79],"FOSS":[32,80,86,119],"licenses":[33,120],"poses":[34],"challenges,":[36],"particularly":[37],"one":[39,49],"licensed":[44,72],"under":[45,78],"terms":[47],"versions":[52],"GNU":[55],"General":[56],"Public":[57],"License":[58],"(GPL).":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61,111],"describes":[62],"an":[63],"empirical":[64],"study":[65],"manner":[68],"which":[70],"GPLed":[71,98],"combined":[75],"licenses.":[81],"We":[82],"have":[83,89],"discovered":[84],"that":[85,100,118],"developers":[88,136],"found":[90],"interesting":[91],"methods":[92,115],"to":[93,142],"create":[94],"legally":[101],"circumvent":[102],"apparent":[104],"restrictions":[105],"GPL.":[108],"In":[109,127],"this":[110],"we":[112],"document":[113],"these":[114,130],"show":[117],"interact":[121],"unexpected":[125],"ways.":[126],"most":[128],"cases":[131],"goal":[133],"(both":[137],"licensors":[138],"licensees)":[140],"further":[143],"increase":[144],"commons":[146],"FOSS.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}