{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1556747630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78","title":"A Framework of Evaluation for Question-Answering Systems","display_name":"A Framework of Evaluation for Question-Answering Systems","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1556747630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78","mag":"1556747630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01070056","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029969563","display_name":"Sarra El Ayari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115485","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01raq4x89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarra El Ayari","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIMSI - CNRS, France","UP11 - Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (B\u00e2timent 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex - France)","LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud B\u00e2t. 507 - Rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re -91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI - CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UP11 - Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (B\u00e2timent 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I102197404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud B\u00e2t. 507 - Rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re -91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I102197404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023203421","display_name":"Brigitte Grau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097372","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d\u2019Informatique pour l\u2019Industrie et l\u2019Entreprise","ror":"https://ror.org/00tx98v53","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115485","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01raq4x89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brigitte Grau","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSIIE, France","LIMSI - CNRS, France","LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud B\u00e2t. 507 - Rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re -91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)","ENSIIE - Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIIE, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI - CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud B\u00e2t. 507 - Rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re -91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I102197404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIIE - Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029969563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210115485"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74122479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"744","last_page":"748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8963000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8963000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.8481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.7612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7216516137123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6760032176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6708196997642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.601349413394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.5755553841590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5445336699485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4599034786224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3716547191143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3347572088241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1796380579471588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1258588433265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0723433792591095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7216516137123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6760032176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6708196997642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.601349413394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5755553841590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5445336699485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4599034786224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3716547191143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3347572088241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1796380579471588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1258588433265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0723433792591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01070056v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01070056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"31th European Conference on IR Research, Apr 2009, Toulouse, France. pp.744-748, &#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01070056v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01070056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"31th European Conference on IR Research, Apr 2009, Toulouse, France. pp.744-748, &#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-00958-7_78&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483896048","https://openalex.org/W1529221341","https://openalex.org/W1999637191","https://openalex.org/W2170215050","https://openalex.org/W2395488482","https://openalex.org/W2528705463","https://openalex.org/W2758963222","https://openalex.org/W2759844379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W2387743295","https://openalex.org/W2115758952","https://openalex.org/W3082787378","https://openalex.org/W2136007095","https://openalex.org/W2366230879","https://openalex.org/W3208425359","https://openalex.org/W2349927912","https://openalex.org/W3159777597","https://openalex.org/W4212839359"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
