{"id":"https://openalex.org/W105891972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_4","title":"Segmentation of Arabic Text into Characters for Recognition","display_name":"Segmentation of Arabic Text into Characters for Recognition","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W105891972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_4","mag":"105891972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108221707","display_name":"Noor Ahmed Shaikh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45164037","display_name":"Shah Abdul Latif University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s232b27","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noor Ahmed Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor and PhD Scholar, Shah A Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor and PhD Scholar, Shah A Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101789974","display_name":"Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-2061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Ahmed Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor & Director, FAST-NU, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor & Director, FAST-NU, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047955118","display_name":"Ghulam Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45164037","display_name":"Shah Abdul Latif University","ror":"https://ror.org/02s232b27","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor and PhD Scholar, Shah A Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor and PhD Scholar, Shah A Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108221707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45164037"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47631695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6956860423088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6706059575080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6615068316459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6291900873184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.5844340324401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5000386238098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46499741077423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4535138010978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.43996235728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3887941241264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22979304194450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1689530909061432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6956860423088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6706059575080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6615068316459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6291900873184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.5844340324401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5000386238098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46499741077423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4535138010978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43996235728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3887941241264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22979304194450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1689530909061432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533162639","https://openalex.org/W1705768991","https://openalex.org/W1771624317","https://openalex.org/W1904039528","https://openalex.org/W1970260601","https://openalex.org/W2014465907","https://openalex.org/W2015421919","https://openalex.org/W2033131251","https://openalex.org/W2079803499","https://openalex.org/W2097296650","https://openalex.org/W2117885180","https://openalex.org/W2122402036","https://openalex.org/W2129386218","https://openalex.org/W2142638153","https://openalex.org/W2151697467","https://openalex.org/W2153184357","https://openalex.org/W2155719732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251972423","https://openalex.org/W1503216044","https://openalex.org/W2393609567","https://openalex.org/W2369369044","https://openalex.org/W2354143083","https://openalex.org/W2372906645","https://openalex.org/W4319998713","https://openalex.org/W2366269494","https://openalex.org/W2353650902","https://openalex.org/W2347884623"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
