{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1538497448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_24","title":"Virtual Humans Elicit Skin-Tone Bias Consistent with Real-World Skin-Tone Biases","display_name":"Virtual Humans Elicit Skin-Tone Bias Consistent with Real-World Skin-Tone Biases","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1538497448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_24","mag":"1538497448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011037322","display_name":"Brent Rossen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brent Rossen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA FL 32611#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA FL 32611#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026499095","display_name":"Kyle Johnsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-0041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Johnsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA FL 32611#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA FL 32611#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032987965","display_name":"Adeline M. Deladisma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeline Deladisma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA","Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA GA 30912#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA GA 30912#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024251177","display_name":"Scott Lind","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Lind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA","Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA GA 30912#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Surgery Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA GA 30912#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003177202","display_name":"Benjamin Lok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Lok","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA FL 32611#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISE University of Florida, Gainesville, USA FL 32611#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011037322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.6733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9950667,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"237","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.7987821698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.7720587253570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-association-test","display_name":"Implicit-association test","score":0.6145927906036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.47582343220710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4593082368373871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.45871666073799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.45670151710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.36956214904785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.35660046339035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.29877763986587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13914626836776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.059488385915756226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.7987821698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.7720587253570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779778163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Implicit-association test","level":2,"score":0.6145927906036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47582343220710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4593082368373871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45871666073799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45670151710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.36956214904785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.35660046339035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.29877763986587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13914626836776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.059488385915756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975847962","https://openalex.org/W1995941974","https://openalex.org/W1998214776","https://openalex.org/W2056135499","https://openalex.org/W2066255970","https://openalex.org/W2103005450","https://openalex.org/W2124917152","https://openalex.org/W2136162107","https://openalex.org/W2159005225","https://openalex.org/W4236724466","https://openalex.org/W4247118947","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022249999","https://openalex.org/W2790197180","https://openalex.org/W2321298859","https://openalex.org/W2020597600","https://openalex.org/W2623239735","https://openalex.org/W2914237138","https://openalex.org/W2049690772","https://openalex.org/W1443290736","https://openalex.org/W2791633095","https://openalex.org/W2351229758"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
