{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232941577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_85","title":"Optics of Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystal Displays","display_name":"Optics of Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystal Displays","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232941577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_85"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511887","display_name":"Handbook of Visual Display Technology","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of Visual Display Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064938578","display_name":"Philip Benzie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip W. Benzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068245776","display_name":"Steve J. Elston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-539X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve J. Elston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064938578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21006118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1365","last_page":"1385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarizer","display_name":"Polarizer","score":0.8597967624664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal","display_name":"Liquid crystal","score":0.7351223826408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal-display","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","score":0.7122085094451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6729300022125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6033896803855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-axis","display_name":"Optical axis","score":0.528997004032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4974537193775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy","display_name":"Anisotropy","score":0.49201247096061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4784017503261566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indium-tin-oxide","display_name":"Indium tin oxide","score":0.4727643132209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schematic","display_name":"Schematic","score":0.451615571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birefringence","display_name":"Birefringence","score":0.3256763517856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.14967310428619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.14114701747894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13469606637954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.12258049845695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12098127603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.0814896821975708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121524040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11942175","display_name":"Polarizer","level":3,"score":0.8597967624664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.7351223826408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128019096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83341","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","level":2,"score":0.7122085094451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6729300022125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6033896803855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3756478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410566","display_name":"Optical axis","level":3,"score":0.528997004032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4974537193775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.49201247096061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4784017503261566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32737372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417718","display_name":"Indium tin oxide","level":3,"score":0.4727643132209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192328126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4514647","display_name":"Schematic","level":2,"score":0.451615571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125743686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108779","display_name":"Birefringence","level":2,"score":0.3256763517856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.14967310428619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.14114701747894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13469606637954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.12258049845695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12098127603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0814896821975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511887","display_name":"Handbook of Visual Display Technology","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of Visual Display Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304865877","https://openalex.org/W613304995","https://openalex.org/W1547009749","https://openalex.org/W1871911560","https://openalex.org/W1980770706","https://openalex.org/W1983836729","https://openalex.org/W1987113590","https://openalex.org/W2011289737","https://openalex.org/W2028150022","https://openalex.org/W2028162707","https://openalex.org/W2094413801","https://openalex.org/W2121422678","https://openalex.org/W2141152700","https://openalex.org/W2168010637","https://openalex.org/W2482594300","https://openalex.org/W2497892369","https://openalex.org/W2506831069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154683910","https://openalex.org/W2095271293","https://openalex.org/W2386170775","https://openalex.org/W2157751709","https://openalex.org/W2043071103","https://openalex.org/W2806802878","https://openalex.org/W4386964609","https://openalex.org/W2004830090","https://openalex.org/W1964256554","https://openalex.org/W2473921884"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}