{"id":"https://openalex.org/W69724053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_3","title":"Unsupervised Learning and Clustering","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning and Clustering","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W69724053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_3","mag":"69724053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169997","display_name":"Cognitive technologies","issn_l":"1611-2482","issn":["1611-2482","2197-6635"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Technologies","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053619267","display_name":"Derek Greene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-5418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Ireland","university college dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university college dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059144722","display_name":"P\u00e1draig Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3499-0810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P\u00e1draig Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Ireland","university college dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university college dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054726748","display_name":"Rudolf Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-5999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudolf Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology, Austria","Vienna University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97254023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"51","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8694559931755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7056471705436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-clustering","display_name":"Conceptual clustering","score":0.6975414752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6093425750732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6073306798934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brown-clustering","display_name":"Brown clustering","score":0.5911800861358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-clustering","display_name":"Consensus clustering","score":0.4950698912143707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.49259549379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.45587557554244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4344549775123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-clustering","display_name":"Correlation clustering","score":0.40202227234840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3625827431678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34127113223075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cure-data-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","score":0.31463390588760376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8694559931755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7056471705436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39235581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158434","display_name":"Conceptual clustering","level":5,"score":0.6975414752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6093425750732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6073306798934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167984511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17003931","display_name":"Brown clustering","level":5,"score":0.5911800861358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186767784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5162841","display_name":"Consensus clustering","level":5,"score":0.4950698912143707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.49259549379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45587557554244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4344549775123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.40202227234840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3625827431678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34127113223075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33704608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014717","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.31463390588760376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169997","display_name":"Cognitive technologies","issn_l":"1611-2482","issn":["1611-2482","2197-6635"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Technologies","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32723560","https://openalex.org/W1249474216","https://openalex.org/W1489608363","https://openalex.org/W1493454437","https://openalex.org/W1506281249","https://openalex.org/W1526146785","https://openalex.org/W1544355022","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1570131942","https://openalex.org/W1587744656","https://openalex.org/W1594924988","https://openalex.org/W1641006451","https://openalex.org/W1651093245","https://openalex.org/W1836741323","https://openalex.org/W1886306325","https://openalex.org/W1939394412","https://openalex.org/W1971318281","https://openalex.org/W1971784203","https://openalex.org/W1975152892","https://openalex.org/W1986007546","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1990368529","https://openalex.org/W1992763738","https://openalex.org/W1999345637","https://openalex.org/W2006493416","https://openalex.org/W2008788779","https://openalex.org/W2018821242","https://openalex.org/W2029064186","https://openalex.org/W2030644393","https://openalex.org/W2033403400","https://openalex.org/W2033852356","https://openalex.org/W2044348081","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2066235179","https://openalex.org/W2070412788","https://openalex.org/W2072533619","https://openalex.org/W2072773380","https://openalex.org/W2085487226","https://openalex.org/W2095897464","https://openalex.org/W2097645701","https://openalex.org/W2102863403","https://openalex.org/W2112194041","https://openalex.org/W2114030927","https://openalex.org/W2116219421","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2122473047","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2130158951","https://openalex.org/W2131687179","https://openalex.org/W2133576408","https://openalex.org/W2134312057","https://openalex.org/W2135674549","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2146261447","https://openalex.org/W2146313586","https://openalex.org/W2150811404","https://openalex.org/W2159945133","https://openalex.org/W2161455936","https://openalex.org/W2164021670","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2166999932","https://openalex.org/W2169618946","https://openalex.org/W2171209182","https://openalex.org/W2171903410","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2496585406","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2912889105","https://openalex.org/W2978337448","https://openalex.org/W3036192984","https://openalex.org/W3129711340","https://openalex.org/W3139328003","https://openalex.org/W4229926969","https://openalex.org/W4231336072","https://openalex.org/W4235169531","https://openalex.org/W4236959802","https://openalex.org/W4244030505","https://openalex.org/W4244999001","https://openalex.org/W4245176872","https://openalex.org/W4246396312","https://openalex.org/W4251348903","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6628097257","https://openalex.org/W6637231022","https://openalex.org/W6655030434","https://openalex.org/W6672191126","https://openalex.org/W6684578312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2622412490","https://openalex.org/W2160785859","https://openalex.org/W3140018618","https://openalex.org/W2067669858","https://openalex.org/W2107260502","https://openalex.org/W2311450085","https://openalex.org/W2607137685","https://openalex.org/W4378627977","https://openalex.org/W2118740473","https://openalex.org/W3168918549"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
