{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1861725711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73847-3_2","title":"Challenges to Machine Learning: Relations Between Reality and Appearance","display_name":"Challenges to Machine Learning: Relations Between Reality and Appearance","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1861725711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73847-3_2","mag":"1861725711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73847-3_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73847-3_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076686360","display_name":"John E. McCarthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John McCarthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA","Stanford University - USA >  >  >  >"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University - USA >  >  >  >","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076686360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08850727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behaviorism","display_name":"Behaviorism","score":0.7103974223136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.623916506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positivism","display_name":"Positivism","score":0.5482190847396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.476952463388443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-positivism","display_name":"Logical positivism","score":0.4190968871116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4086701273918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.40230223536491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34790897369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1909434199333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.15781056880950928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79053195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behaviorism","level":2,"score":0.7103974223136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.623916506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128706718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131015","display_name":"Positivism","level":2,"score":0.5482190847396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.476952463388443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193627","display_name":"Logical positivism","level":2,"score":0.4190968871116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4086701273918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.40230223536491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34790897369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1909434199333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.15781056880950928}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73847-3_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73847-3_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599972278","https://openalex.org/W2068155923","https://openalex.org/W2071221895","https://openalex.org/W2323746689","https://openalex.org/W2342236001","https://openalex.org/W4214495874","https://openalex.org/W4376531986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3046285886","https://openalex.org/W2789624975","https://openalex.org/W4214742218","https://openalex.org/W4237952595","https://openalex.org/W4388150337","https://openalex.org/W1549017466","https://openalex.org/W3134699015","https://openalex.org/W4242537176","https://openalex.org/W623137244","https://openalex.org/W2765658400"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
