{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1481779455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_83","title":"A Note on Brain Actuated Spelling with the Berlin Brain-Computer Interface","display_name":"A Note on Brain Actuated Spelling with the Berlin Brain-Computer Interface","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1481779455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_83","mag":"1481779455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_83","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060955050","display_name":"Benjamin Blankertz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-4846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Blankertz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany","Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087006575","display_name":"Matthias Krauledat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-0276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Krauledat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany","Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022882383","display_name":"Guido Dornhege","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Dornhege","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060027329","display_name":"John Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8085-7853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070918132","display_name":"Roderick Murray\u2010Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-7962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roderick Murray-Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamilton Institute, NUI Maynooth, Ireland","University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamilton Institute, NUI Maynooth, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107838719","display_name":"Klaus\u2010Robert M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus-Robert M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany","Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FIRST (IDA), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060955050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.9549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99501069,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"759","last_page":"768"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.8482993245124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.816319465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7446467280387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5787874460220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.43282222747802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3672277331352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3641170859336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3546467423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13322114944458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1268247663974762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10761314630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.07436114549636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06952518224716187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.8482993245124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.816319465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7446467280387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5787874460220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43282222747802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3672277331352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3641170859336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3546467423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13322114944458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1268247663974762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10761314630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.07436114549636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06952518224716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_83","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:3673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.330.4691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.330.4691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/3673/1/blankertz3673.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.65.2247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.2247","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~rod/publications/BlaWilMur07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.67.6205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.67.6205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ida.first.fhg.de/publications/BlaKraDorWilMurMue07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-60970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-60970.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FIRST","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/354731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/354731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526059788","https://openalex.org/W1548938556","https://openalex.org/W1563141555","https://openalex.org/W1567242142","https://openalex.org/W1568849064","https://openalex.org/W1967167074","https://openalex.org/W1981180290","https://openalex.org/W2006095546","https://openalex.org/W2018281395","https://openalex.org/W2041248708","https://openalex.org/W2093534731","https://openalex.org/W2098100592","https://openalex.org/W2100155737","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2107626798","https://openalex.org/W2112563323","https://openalex.org/W2114004602","https://openalex.org/W2130076068","https://openalex.org/W2130705118","https://openalex.org/W2152465745","https://openalex.org/W2157906202","https://openalex.org/W2161628678","https://openalex.org/W2167068610","https://openalex.org/W2170821486","https://openalex.org/W2546040345","https://openalex.org/W3125878135","https://openalex.org/W3170459483","https://openalex.org/W4205203433","https://openalex.org/W4292003697","https://openalex.org/W6642124499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100947578","https://openalex.org/W2161008081","https://openalex.org/W1555832326","https://openalex.org/W4298186509","https://openalex.org/W2556702969","https://openalex.org/W217221262","https://openalex.org/W611030372","https://openalex.org/W1974418053","https://openalex.org/W2081317458","https://openalex.org/W2021532426"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
