{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1597680427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_23","title":"Restoring Natural Language as a Computerised Mathematics Input Method","display_name":"Restoring Natural Language as a Computerised Mathematics Input Method","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1597680427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_23","mag":"1597680427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114253581","display_name":"Fairouz Kamareddine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fairouz Kamareddine","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002623969","display_name":"Robert Lamar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Lamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045680792","display_name":"Manuel Maarek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-6341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Maarek","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113483345","display_name":"J. B. Wells","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. B. Wells","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA group, Heriot-Watt University,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114253581"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I4210085930"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91811214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"280","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentation-theory","display_name":"Argumentation theory","score":0.802248477935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.7211995124816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.7164738178253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6703866124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5618985295295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5073897242546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5072135925292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4695848822593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-number","display_name":"Natural number","score":0.4429955780506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38702064752578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.37431037425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.3714570105075836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3699759542942047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19402146339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.19058391451835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.12008583545684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09895241260528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.0784379243850708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.802248477935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.7211995124816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.7164738178253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6703866124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5618985295295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5073897242546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5072135925292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4695848822593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184264201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21199","display_name":"Natural number","level":2,"score":0.4429955780506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38702064752578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37431037425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3714570105075836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3699759542942047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19402146339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.19058391451835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.12008583545684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09895241260528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0784379243850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.151.7247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.151.7247","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~rl47/docs/papers/mkm07-colour.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79568047","https://openalex.org/W82579298","https://openalex.org/W144506514","https://openalex.org/W160226918","https://openalex.org/W1494975459","https://openalex.org/W1505200501","https://openalex.org/W1510478584","https://openalex.org/W1515072428","https://openalex.org/W1542278106","https://openalex.org/W1545065387","https://openalex.org/W1582998182","https://openalex.org/W1594381772","https://openalex.org/W1599183829","https://openalex.org/W1725749806","https://openalex.org/W1766647772","https://openalex.org/W2008113074","https://openalex.org/W2083848993","https://openalex.org/W2106192381","https://openalex.org/W2146857212","https://openalex.org/W2181961200","https://openalex.org/W2342082360","https://openalex.org/W2382189349","https://openalex.org/W2527045230","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W4235178139","https://openalex.org/W4242395378","https://openalex.org/W4250846042","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141332034","https://openalex.org/W4256185029","https://openalex.org/W4388437769","https://openalex.org/W2762454042","https://openalex.org/W2064153856","https://openalex.org/W2337488240","https://openalex.org/W52290235","https://openalex.org/W3007362904","https://openalex.org/W4214900125","https://openalex.org/W2116246834"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}