{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239360959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52","title":"Languages, Ambiguity, and Verification","display_name":"Languages, Ambiguity, and Verification","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239360959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060905159","display_name":"The SPARK Team","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093794","display_name":"Praxis (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00n0f0m43","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093794"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"The SPARK Team","raw_affiliation_strings":["Praxis High Integrity Systems, 20 Manvers Street, Bath, BA1 1PX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Praxis High Integrity Systems, 20 Manvers Street, Bath, BA1 1PX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093794"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060905159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093794"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40076907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"486","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8466709852218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spark","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","score":0.758303165435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.7406626343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.605888307094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5557759404182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.47927042841911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4603680372238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4308181405067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06024736166000366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8466709852218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.758303165435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.7406626343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.605888307094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5557759404182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47927042841911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4603680372238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4308181405067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06024736166000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-69149-5_52.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4239360959.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4239360959.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499226144","https://openalex.org/W1602836059","https://openalex.org/W2114614628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W4400595174","https://openalex.org/W2349635380","https://openalex.org/W4353089801","https://openalex.org/W2353819554","https://openalex.org/W2359488321","https://openalex.org/W2378011361"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}