{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1705292558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48061-7_67","title":"Computerized Spelling Recognition of Words Expressed in the Sound Approach","display_name":"Computerized Spelling Recognition of Words Expressed in the Sound Approach","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1705292558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48061-7_67","mag":"1705292558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48061-7_67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48061-7_67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058672025","display_name":"Michael Higgins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173915773","display_name":"Yamaguchi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cxys317","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173915773"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Higgins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Perceptual Sciences and Design Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan, 753-0841","Yamaguchi  University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Perceptual Sciences and Design Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan, 753-0841","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173915773"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yamaguchi  University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173915773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108192254","display_name":"Wojciech Ziarko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Ziarko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2","University of Regina"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Regina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058672025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173915773"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20878244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"543","last_page":"550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.8512449264526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8232211470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spell","display_name":"Spell","score":0.7854909896850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.7138681411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.6013592481613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4787525534629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.47086989879608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.43119096755981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42688217759132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4172624349594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2675778269767761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.8512449264526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8232211470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780957641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999796","display_name":"Spell","level":2,"score":0.7854909896850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.7138681411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6013592481613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4787525534629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.47086989879608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.43119096755981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42688217759132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4172624349594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2675778269767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48061-7_67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48061-7_67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184664326","https://openalex.org/W619362529","https://openalex.org/W1510146362","https://openalex.org/W1557923305","https://openalex.org/W1582971263","https://openalex.org/W1584679449","https://openalex.org/W1601529450","https://openalex.org/W1997362234","https://openalex.org/W2094324681","https://openalex.org/W2491671861","https://openalex.org/W4232953319","https://openalex.org/W6634759435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255929276","https://openalex.org/W2789394886","https://openalex.org/W2184839352","https://openalex.org/W2083657536","https://openalex.org/W2042822003","https://openalex.org/W2103233694","https://openalex.org/W2034944613","https://openalex.org/W2097478624","https://openalex.org/W2221927596","https://openalex.org/W3002191324"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
