{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2464313211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28629-5_54","title":"The Dual of Concatenation","display_name":"The Dual of Concatenation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2464313211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28629-5_54","mag":"2464313211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28629-5_54","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28629-5_54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005683089","display_name":"Alexander Okhotin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Okhotin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6","School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005683089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2249,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48028674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"698","last_page":"710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.8961389660835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kleene-algebra","display_name":"Kleene algebra","score":0.7853022813796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976580023765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.642815351486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantifier","display_name":"Quantifier (linguistics)","score":0.5611459612846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-language","display_name":"Regular language","score":0.5273509621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.49401217699050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.45721861720085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotone-polygon","display_name":"Monotone polygon","score":0.4378882944583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4201936423778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3827700912952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.3626568019390106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3534722328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.3490058183670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.33629339933395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.27679479122161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2663981020450592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.2032744288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17015302181243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10799416899681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.09877565503120422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8961389660835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206470798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2634506","display_name":"Kleene algebra","level":2,"score":0.7853022813796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976580023765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.642815351486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778523021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532504","display_name":"Quantifier (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5611459612846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52370388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752532","display_name":"Regular language","level":3,"score":0.5273509621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.49401217699050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.45721861720085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2834757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4925424","display_name":"Monotone polygon","level":2,"score":0.4378882944583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4201936423778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3827700912952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.3626568019390106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3534722328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3490058183670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33629339933395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.27679479122161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2663981020450592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.2032744288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17015302181243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10799416899681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.09877565503120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28629-5_54","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28629-5_54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480450127","https://openalex.org/W1512779672","https://openalex.org/W1890888469","https://openalex.org/W2000118875","https://openalex.org/W2024406389","https://openalex.org/W2046935329","https://openalex.org/W2064508306","https://openalex.org/W2148302312","https://openalex.org/W2152096446","https://openalex.org/W2188416243","https://openalex.org/W4211010176","https://openalex.org/W4254660944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972592804","https://openalex.org/W2510632068","https://openalex.org/W252108735","https://openalex.org/W2063737596","https://openalex.org/W1607287758","https://openalex.org/W89385544","https://openalex.org/W2240836793","https://openalex.org/W1540583425","https://openalex.org/W2143338666","https://openalex.org/W177851052"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}