{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140187489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27868-9_88","title":"The Imbalanced Training Sample Problem: Under or over Sampling?","display_name":"The Imbalanced Training Sample Problem: Under or over Sampling?","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140187489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27868-9_88","mag":"2140187489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27868-9_88","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27868-9_88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091882937","display_name":"R. Barandela","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154231","display_name":"Instituto de Geograf\u00eda Tropical","ror":"https://ror.org/03161d176","country_code":null,"type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165487","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca","ror":"https://ror.org/05s142056","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165487"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Barandela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Ave. Tecnol\u00f3gico s/n, 52140, Metepec, M\u00e9xico","Instituto de Geograf\u00eda Tropical, La Habana, Cuba"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Ave. Tecnol\u00f3gico s/n, 52140, Metepec, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Geograf\u00eda Tropical, La Habana, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005874427","display_name":"Rosa Mar\u00eda Valdovinos Rosas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-0653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165487","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca","ror":"https://ror.org/05s142056","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165487"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa M. Valdovinos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Ave. Tecnol\u00f3gico s/n, 52140, Metepec, M\u00e9xico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Ave. Tecnol\u00f3gico s/n, 52140, Metepec, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001153552","display_name":"J. Salvador S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1053-4658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Salvador S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Llenguatges i Sistemes Inform\u00e0tics, U. Jaume I, 12071, Castell\u00f3, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Llenguatges i Sistemes Inform\u00e0tics, U. Jaume I, 12071, Castell\u00f3, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067408837","display_name":"Francesc J. Ferri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-3568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesc J. Ferri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. d\u2019Inform\u00e0tica, U. Valencia, 46100, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain","Dept. d'Inform\u00e0tica, U. Valencia, 46100, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. d\u2019Inform\u00e0tica, U. Valencia, 46100, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. d'Inform\u00e0tica, U. Valencia, 46100, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091882937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165487","https://openalex.org/I4387154231"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":237,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92722372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"806","last_page":"814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8258827924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.70009446144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6738258004188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.6498842239379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6129205226898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5875722169876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4929673671722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.4593923091888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4288822114467621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4119942784309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.054642677307128906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8258827924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.70009446144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6738258004188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6498842239379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6129205226898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5875722169876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4929673671722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.4593923091888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4288822114467621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4119942784309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.054642677307128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27868-9_88","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27868-9_88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W105786589","https://openalex.org/W173229765","https://openalex.org/W1517113043","https://openalex.org/W1521695033","https://openalex.org/W1549887922","https://openalex.org/W1588282782","https://openalex.org/W1595468493","https://openalex.org/W1941659294","https://openalex.org/W1986515506","https://openalex.org/W1994410331","https://openalex.org/W2065330407","https://openalex.org/W2100208452","https://openalex.org/W2107686700","https://openalex.org/W2114968414","https://openalex.org/W2130695501","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2162583212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2010454064","https://openalex.org/W2352072014","https://openalex.org/W2042102171","https://openalex.org/W4394050964","https://openalex.org/W2551249631"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}