{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1512192252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24775-3_70","title":"Learning Hidden Markov Model Topology Based on KL Divergence for Information Extraction","display_name":"Learning Hidden Markov Model Topology Based on KL Divergence for Information Extraction","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1512192252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24775-3_70","mag":"1512192252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24775-3_70","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24775-3_70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113488050","display_name":"Kwok-Chung Au","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwok-Chung Au","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","Hong Kong Baptist University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Baptist University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kwok-Wai Cheung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwok-Wai Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","Hong Kong Baptist University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Baptist University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113488050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71271865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"590","last_page":"594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8211963772773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8027455806732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.741080105304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.7073642015457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.6633762121200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6125561594963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-entropy-markov-model","display_name":"Maximum-entropy Markov model","score":0.5792700052261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5651557445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49167782068252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4895847737789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.4707750976085663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.458219438791275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42664700746536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.42192208766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4095219373703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37825676798820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3629513382911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-order-markov-model","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","score":0.26079261302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11475399136543274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8211963772773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8027455806732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.741080105304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7073642015457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.6633762121200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6125561594963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196956702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795829","display_name":"Maximum-entropy Markov model","level":5,"score":0.5792700052261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5651557445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49167782068252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4895847737789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.4707750976085663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.458219438791275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42664700746536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.42192208766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4095219373703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37825676798820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3629513382911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54907487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915688","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","level":4,"score":0.26079261302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11475399136543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24775-3_70","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24775-3_70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkbu.edu.hk:hkbu_staff_publication-7575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/hkbu_staff_publication/6497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196872","display_name":"HKBU Institutional Repository (Hong Kong Baptist University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HKBU Staff Publication","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138349765","https://openalex.org/W1568339100","https://openalex.org/W1602152045","https://openalex.org/W1683541793","https://openalex.org/W1825362480","https://openalex.org/W1979960035","https://openalex.org/W2145948275","https://openalex.org/W2153752143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134386692","https://openalex.org/W2379938888","https://openalex.org/W1510894296","https://openalex.org/W2116722627","https://openalex.org/W1977445474","https://openalex.org/W4233405330","https://openalex.org/W2082284720","https://openalex.org/W2194396582","https://openalex.org/W2799426416","https://openalex.org/W4246505579"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}