{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1746138877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99786-9_16","title":"A Classification of Evaluation Methods for Intelligent Tutoring Systems","display_name":"A Classification of Evaluation Methods for Intelligent Tutoring Systems","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1746138877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99786-9_16","mag":"1746138877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-322-99786-9_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99786-9_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197152","display_name":"Berichte des German Chapter of the ACM","issn_l":"0724-9764","issn":["0724-9764"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Berichte des German Chapter of the ACM","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/2004901304.html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101632804","display_name":"Ar\u0131f Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-6007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arif Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London UK, West Midlands, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London UK, West Midlands, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066751536","display_name":"Reinhard Oppermann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110507","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01ak24c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110507","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Oppermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["GMD-FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany","GMD FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GMD-FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110507","https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GMD FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026246122","display_name":"Amit M. Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-7805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAL Research & Software Engineering Centre, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAL Research & Software Engineering Centre, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004362992","display_name":"Kinshuk Kinshuk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110507","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01ak24c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110507","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kinshuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["GMD-FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany","GMD FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GMD-FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110507","https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GMD FIT, German National Research Center for Information Technology, St. Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101632804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70594922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"169","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7632379531860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6372271776199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5567248463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5260764956474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.49622899293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47099393606185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-methods","display_name":"Evaluation methods","score":0.4220362901687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37095126509666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12395572662353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.10655495524406433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7632379531860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6372271776199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5567248463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5260764956474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49622899293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47099393606185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.4220362901687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37095126509666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12395572662353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.10655495524406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-322-99786-9_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99786-9_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197152","display_name":"Berichte des German Chapter of the ACM","issn_l":"0724-9764","issn":["0724-9764"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Berichte des German Chapter of the ACM","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.71.883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.71.883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://fit.fraunhofer.de/~oppi/publications/SE99_ITS-Eval.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:2004901304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/2004901304.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FIT","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:2004901304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/2004901304.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FIT","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21019492","https://openalex.org/W85933865","https://openalex.org/W120338485","https://openalex.org/W182790199","https://openalex.org/W252552640","https://openalex.org/W329143507","https://openalex.org/W340887038","https://openalex.org/W1489410353","https://openalex.org/W1495973381","https://openalex.org/W1502465934","https://openalex.org/W1517322531","https://openalex.org/W1520780567","https://openalex.org/W1707104629","https://openalex.org/W1820431318","https://openalex.org/W1970620365","https://openalex.org/W1973925773","https://openalex.org/W2041159577","https://openalex.org/W2041410701","https://openalex.org/W2074439000","https://openalex.org/W2086791184","https://openalex.org/W2136208491","https://openalex.org/W2179529535","https://openalex.org/W2245972239","https://openalex.org/W2248199305","https://openalex.org/W2328138379","https://openalex.org/W2565892735","https://openalex.org/W2599946348","https://openalex.org/W4242937732","https://openalex.org/W4246711722","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W2134699697","https://openalex.org/W2322875716","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2468698815","https://openalex.org/W2383516975","https://openalex.org/W2374878784","https://openalex.org/W2389015757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluation":[0],"of":[1,10,51,71,92,105],"intelligent":[2,112],"tutoring":[3,113],"systems":[4],"(ITS)":[5],"is":[6,61,85],"an":[7,32,36],"important":[8],"area":[9],"research":[11],"in":[12,43,76,89],"current":[13],"educational":[14],"practices.":[15],"There":[16],"are":[17],"many":[18],"evaluation":[19,52,72,79,109],"methods":[20,40,53,110],"available":[21],"but":[22],"the":[23,56,69,78,102,107],"literature":[24],"does":[25],"not":[26],"suggest":[27],"any":[28],"clear":[29],"guidelines":[30],"for":[31,111],"evaluator":[33],"\u2014":[34,38],"normally":[35],"educator":[37],"which":[39,77],"to":[41,54,68,87,101],"use":[42],"particular":[44],"contexts.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"proposes":[48],"a":[49,98],"classification":[50,60,84],"simplify":[55],"selection":[57],"task.":[58],"The":[59,83],"based":[62,94],"on":[63],"two":[64],"primary":[65],"questions":[66],"relating":[67],"target":[70],"and":[73,100],"learning":[74],"environment":[75],"would":[80],"be":[81],"pursued.":[82],"hoped":[86],"help":[88],"improving":[90],"quality":[91],"computer":[93],"education":[95],"by":[96],"providing":[97],"practical":[99],"point":[103],"way":[104],"selecting":[106],"appropriate":[108],"systems.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
