{"id":"https://openalex.org/W120507564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95233-2_12","title":"An Algebraic Characterization of Context-Free Languages","display_name":"An Algebraic Characterization of Context-Free Languages","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W120507564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95233-2_12","mag":"120507564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-322-95233-2_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95233-2_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233246","display_name":"Teubner-Texte zur Informatik","issn_l":"1615-4584","issn":["1615-4584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TEUBNER-TEXTE zur Informatik","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020243196","display_name":"Thomas J. Kretschmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kretschmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auf dem Waas 16, D-6643, Borg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auf dem Waas 16, D-6643, Borg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020243196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08304094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"209","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.850415825843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphism","display_name":"Homomorphism","score":0.7921673059463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-language","display_name":"Context-free language","score":0.695344090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.6370285749435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5850828289985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4947042167186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.4630676805973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.4554930627346039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4278194308280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.41217750310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3828577399253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.25538843870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.19377458095550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.12129709124565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09929659962654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08270063996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07053956389427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.04935568571090698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.850415825843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4042151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215111","display_name":"Homomorphism","level":2,"score":0.7921673059463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198838072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729271","display_name":"Context-free language","level":3,"score":0.695344090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6370285749435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5850828289985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4947042167186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.4630676805973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.4554930627346039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4278194308280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.41217750310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3828577399253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25538843870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.19377458095550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.12129709124565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09929659962654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08270063996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07053956389427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.04935568571090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-322-95233-2_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95233-2_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233246","display_name":"Teubner-Texte zur Informatik","issn_l":"1615-4584","issn":["1615-4584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TEUBNER-TEXTE zur Informatik","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505482284","https://openalex.org/W1890888469","https://openalex.org/W1974912055","https://openalex.org/W1996878052","https://openalex.org/W2044040644","https://openalex.org/W2061286114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308159138","https://openalex.org/W1979798674","https://openalex.org/W3169947911","https://openalex.org/W4327811209","https://openalex.org/W3037616202","https://openalex.org/W2963079901","https://openalex.org/W390508480","https://openalex.org/W1011709","https://openalex.org/W2025440801","https://openalex.org/W1479750113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"show":[1],"that":[2,20],"for":[3],"any":[4],"context-free":[5],"language":[6],"L\u2286T":[7],"+":[8],"there":[9],"is":[10],"a":[11,16],"length-preserving":[12],"ho-momorphism":[13],"\u03bc":[14,40],"and":[15,39],"homomorphism":[17],"\u03bb":[18,38],"such":[19],"L=(a":[21],"\u0305":[22],"D)a,b))\u03bb":[23],"-1":[24],"\u00b5,":[25],"where":[26],"D(a,":[27],"b)":[28],"denotes":[29],"the":[30,34],"Dyck":[31],"set":[32],"over":[33],"alphabet":[35],"{a,":[36],"b}.":[37],"may":[41],"be":[42],"effectively":[43],"constructed.":[44]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}