{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883971886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","title":"Model Checking Boot Code from AWS Data Centers","display_name":"Model Checking Boot Code from AWS Data Centers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883971886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","mag":"2883971886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112528389","display_name":"Byron Cook","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Byron Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","University College London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022017841","display_name":"Kareem Khazem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kareem Khazem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","University College London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086206346","display_name":"Daniel Kroening","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-5283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kroening","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091601759","display_name":"Serdar Ta\u015firan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serdar Tasiran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001580382","display_name":"Michael Tautschnig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-983X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Tautschnig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004031220","display_name":"Mark R. Tuttle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark R. Tuttle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112528389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":4.8858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96625341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"467","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8625173568725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.676101565361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.6524907350540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.604171097278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5975033044815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5237776637077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.5078249573707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.48656976222991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.4602043330669403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4193616211414337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15366187691688538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8625173568725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.676101565361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.6524907350540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.604171097278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5975033044815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5237776637077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.5078249573707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.48656976222991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.4602043330669403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4193616211414337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15366187691688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10075273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10075273/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In: Chockler, H and Weissenbacher, G, (eds.) Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Aided VerificationComputer Aided Verification - CAV 2018.  (pp. pp. 467-486).  Springer: Cham. (2018)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10096782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10096782/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Formal Methods in System Design       (2020)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:a4566b04-ad64-4bed-9bbe-20b5a4d98c2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a4566b04-ad64-4bed-9bbe-20b5a4d98c2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:ee0912e3-6095-43a2-91bf-30e5bacbd900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"OpenAlex","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/44645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/44645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96142-2_28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1641431731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R006865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36793001","https://openalex.org/W78133515","https://openalex.org/W92273908","https://openalex.org/W121297392","https://openalex.org/W249392464","https://openalex.org/W967948971","https://openalex.org/W1492527352","https://openalex.org/W1507006488","https://openalex.org/W1522250664","https://openalex.org/W1528455415","https://openalex.org/W1536926674","https://openalex.org/W1545681762","https://openalex.org/W1562679818","https://openalex.org/W1565898282","https://openalex.org/W1566132409","https://openalex.org/W1606654639","https://openalex.org/W1694077306","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1963604750","https://openalex.org/W1966699401","https://openalex.org/W1992057646","https://openalex.org/W2043118292","https://openalex.org/W2076933173","https://openalex.org/W2091879780","https://openalex.org/W2096146112","https://openalex.org/W2098202130","https://openalex.org/W2106750307","https://openalex.org/W2111015674","https://openalex.org/W2111021060","https://openalex.org/W2111050128","https://openalex.org/W2123747215","https://openalex.org/W2129538349","https://openalex.org/W2136310957","https://openalex.org/W2137628566","https://openalex.org/W2150990339","https://openalex.org/W2152686702","https://openalex.org/W2161253570","https://openalex.org/W2162572703","https://openalex.org/W2189959137","https://openalex.org/W2250988907","https://openalex.org/W2401568214","https://openalex.org/W2498141432","https://openalex.org/W2532041240","https://openalex.org/W2753332081","https://openalex.org/W2765363641","https://openalex.org/W4249885861","https://openalex.org/W4289038676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213243744","https://openalex.org/W2295023886","https://openalex.org/W4285586714","https://openalex.org/W2751940653","https://openalex.org/W1566618018","https://openalex.org/W2914996832","https://openalex.org/W1970932400","https://openalex.org/W1959575449","https://openalex.org/W4245904369","https://openalex.org/W2019168903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,75],"paper":[1,76],"describes":[2,77],"our":[3],"experience":[4],"with":[5],"symbolic":[6],"model":[7],"checking":[8],"in":[9,22,35,62,86,108,114],"an":[10,32],"industrial":[11],"setting.":[12],"We":[13],"have":[14],"proved":[15],"that":[16],"the":[17,37,87,96,104],"initial":[18],"boot":[19,52],"code":[20,53],"running":[21],"data":[23,41],"centers":[24],"at":[25],"Amazon":[26],"Web":[27],"Services":[28],"is":[29,94],"memory":[30,70,105],"safe,":[31],"essential":[33],"step":[34],"establishing":[36],"security":[38],"of":[39],"any":[40],"center.":[42],"Standard":[43],"static":[44,99],"analysis":[45,100],"tools":[46],"cannot":[47],"be":[48],"easily":[49],"used":[50],"on":[51],"without":[54],"modification":[55],"owing":[56],"to":[57,80,102],"issues":[58,82],"not":[59],"commonly":[60],"found":[61],"higher-level":[63],"code,":[64],"including":[65],"memory-mapped":[66],"device":[67],"interfaces,":[68],"byte-level":[69],"access,":[71],"and":[72,83],"linker":[73,110],"scripts.":[74],"automated":[78],"solutions":[79],"these":[81],"their":[84],"implementation":[85],"C":[88],"Bounded":[89],"Model":[90],"Checker":[91],"(CBMC).":[92],"CBMC":[93],"now":[95],"first":[97],"source-level":[98],"tool":[101],"extract":[103],"layout":[106],"described":[107],"a":[109],"script":[111],"for":[112],"use":[113],"its":[115],"analysis.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
