{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806872289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_48","title":"Detecting Hate Speech on Twitter Using a Convolution-GRU Based Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Detecting Hate Speech on Twitter Using a Convolution-GRU Based Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806872289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_48","mag":"2806872289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404392","display_name":"Ziqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-8618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-5196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047102448","display_name":"Jonathan Tepper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7339-0132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Tepper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100404392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":84.9789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":612,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99949978,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"745","last_page":"760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9314000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8520467281341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7568551301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.707777202129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5659374594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5594127178192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5145787596702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5053539872169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4828256070613861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.437743216753006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.43727266788482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4141281247138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4118838608264923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3493606150150299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.136055588722229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8520467281341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7568551301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.707777202129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5659374594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5594127178192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5145787596702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5053539872169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4828256070613861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.437743216753006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43727266788482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4141281247138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4118838608264923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3493606150150299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.136055588722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_48","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:128405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78136081","https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1871142974","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2044173330","https://openalex.org/W2047449974","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2181854537","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2563826943","https://openalex.org/W2564933006","https://openalex.org/W2572180805","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2604821579","https://openalex.org/W2610635404","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2739978749","https://openalex.org/W2740168486","https://openalex.org/W2741065173","https://openalex.org/W2951737564","https://openalex.org/W2963481894","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3103061166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":115},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}