{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809537164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93037-4_22","title":"Category Multi-representation: A Unified Solution for Named Entity Recognition in Clinical Texts","display_name":"Category Multi-representation: A Unified Solution for Named Entity Recognition in Clinical Texts","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809537164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93037-4_22","mag":"2809537164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93037-4_22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93037-4_22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090918351","display_name":"Jiangtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiangtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003324011","display_name":"Juanzi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-0664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanzi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328216","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-9186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456391","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-5094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101488072","display_name":"Yixin Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-7812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060498828","display_name":"Lei Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418684","display_name":"Xiaoli Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-6562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090918351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86888073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"275","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8748468160629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7276419401168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.6747802495956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.635007381439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6258932948112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5958285927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.5677224397659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5349188446998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42008817195892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3624701201915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.10606649518013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8748468160629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7276419401168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.6747802495956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.635007381439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6258932948112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5958285927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.5677224397659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5349188446998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42008817195892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3624701201915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.10606649518013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93037-4_22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93037-4_22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182767159","https://openalex.org/W1981797826","https://openalex.org/W2004763266","https://openalex.org/W2104381725","https://openalex.org/W2107435951","https://openalex.org/W2107979600","https://openalex.org/W2114361266","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2118367849","https://openalex.org/W2122402213","https://openalex.org/W2143035038","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2160259754","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2192572088","https://openalex.org/W2205981794","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2294951813","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2404369708","https://openalex.org/W2528942463","https://openalex.org/W2533179929","https://openalex.org/W2573439338","https://openalex.org/W2577520420","https://openalex.org/W2585785990","https://openalex.org/W2749110577","https://openalex.org/W2915128229","https://openalex.org/W2963956191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W3198729192","https://openalex.org/W4255258373","https://openalex.org/W2593907245","https://openalex.org/W3000685722","https://openalex.org/W2520117834","https://openalex.org/W626980589","https://openalex.org/W4313162113","https://openalex.org/W3005759282","https://openalex.org/W4390279576"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}