{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2782488537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73618-1_64","title":"Improving Chinese-English Neural Machine Translation with Detected Usages of Function Words","display_name":"Improving Chinese-English Neural Machine Translation with Detected Usages of Function Words","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2782488537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73618-1_64","mag":"2782488537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73618-1_64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73618-1_64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066262498","display_name":"Kunli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-1560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049783368","display_name":"Hongfei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-1459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055232825","display_name":"Deyi Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-5038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyi Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Soochow, 215006, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Soochow, 215006, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056590711","display_name":"Qiuhui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-4107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuhui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062969664","display_name":"Hongying Zan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-1262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongying Zan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066262498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65242546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"741","last_page":"749"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8624825477600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.853858232498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7506402134895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7360601425170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6877844333648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-order","display_name":"Word order","score":0.6541489958763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.6193305253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","score":0.5894818902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5497695207595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5447656512260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5343296527862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.5147356986999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.4565922021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44185787439346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.42799150943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3533937931060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.2738836407661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.24717092514038086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8624825477600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.853858232498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7506402134895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7360601425170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6877844333648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70777604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257885","display_name":"Word order","level":2,"score":0.6541489958763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.6193305253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130597682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961922","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","level":4,"score":0.5894818902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5497695207595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5447656512260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5343296527862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5147356986999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.4565922021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44185787439346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.42799150943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3533937931060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.2738836407661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.24717092514038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73618-1_64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73618-1_64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183699705","https://openalex.org/W1411230545","https://openalex.org/W1439202930","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1965314436","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2100189089","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2250739653","https://openalex.org/W2399339684","https://openalex.org/W2963212250","https://openalex.org/W2963260202","https://openalex.org/W2963876447","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964308564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W1559710535","https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W2166769824","https://openalex.org/W1504625892","https://openalex.org/W2012202551","https://openalex.org/W2163454936","https://openalex.org/W318813979","https://openalex.org/W2106477919","https://openalex.org/W1600615810"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}