{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2521865083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","title":"The Clustering of Expressive Timing Within a Phrase in Classical Piano Performances by Gaussian Mixture Models","display_name":"The Clustering of Expressive Timing Within a Phrase in Classical Piano Performances by Gaussian Mixture Models","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2521865083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","mag":"2521865083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024084275","display_name":"Shengchen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-298X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengchen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063422503","display_name":"Dawn A. A. Black","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn A. A. Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radioscape, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radioscape, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066967599","display_name":"Mark D. Plumbley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-1075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark D. Plumbley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024084275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":0.4396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53529949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"322","last_page":"345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.757222056388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7565081119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.740352988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piano","display_name":"Piano","score":0.738233208656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5521067380905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5080451965332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5073420405387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.5012140274047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-selection","display_name":"Model selection","score":0.46540266275405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4496335983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4391306936740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4214288294315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3411678075790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15380093455314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12033650279045105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.757222056388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7565081119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.740352988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124086623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5994","display_name":"Piano","level":2,"score":0.738233208656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5521067380905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5080451965332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5073420405387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.5012140274047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.46540266275405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4496335983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4391306936740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4214288294315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3411678075790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15380093455314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12033650279045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11138408080002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:812692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812692/1/LiBlackPlumbley16-post-cmmr15_notice.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46282-0_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87329255","https://openalex.org/W167911700","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1985361918","https://openalex.org/W1999949665","https://openalex.org/W2002966785","https://openalex.org/W2007523307","https://openalex.org/W2009435671","https://openalex.org/W2016145337","https://openalex.org/W2017357066","https://openalex.org/W2032763507","https://openalex.org/W2078483536","https://openalex.org/W2107829227","https://openalex.org/W2139686198","https://openalex.org/W2146196738","https://openalex.org/W2167455298","https://openalex.org/W2336641927","https://openalex.org/W2395462034","https://openalex.org/W2921430350","https://openalex.org/W3021601205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316271602","https://openalex.org/W2357375963","https://openalex.org/W607893370","https://openalex.org/W629160228","https://openalex.org/W584653787","https://openalex.org/W4362512397","https://openalex.org/W2536221661","https://openalex.org/W1853799209","https://openalex.org/W1998035802","https://openalex.org/W2025931908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"computational":[1],"musicology":[2],"research,":[3],"clustering":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,97],"common":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,21,31],"the":[10,23,45,63,74,80,84,92],"analysis":[11],"of":[12,25,52,57,65,70,94],"expression.":[13],"Our":[14],"research":[15],"uses":[16],"mathematical":[17],"model":[18],"selection":[19],"criteria":[20],"evaluate":[22],"performance":[24,64],"clustered":[26,75],"and":[27,48,83],"non-clustered":[28,81],"models":[29,76,82],"applied":[30],"intra-phrase":[32],"tempo":[33,46,86,95],"variations":[34,47],"in":[35],"classical":[36],"piano":[37],"performances.":[38],"By":[39],"engaging":[40,49],"different":[41,50],"standardisation":[42],"methods":[43],"for":[44,61],"types":[51],"covariance":[53],"matrices,":[54],"multiple":[55],"pieces":[56],"performances":[58],"are":[59],"used":[60],"evaluating":[62],"candidate":[66],"models.":[67],"The":[68],"results":[69],"tests":[71],"suggest":[72],"that":[73],"perform":[77],"better":[78],"than":[79],"original":[85],"data":[87],"should":[88],"be":[89],"standardised":[90],"by":[91],"mean":[93],"within":[96],"phrase.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}