{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2261073281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41649-6_20","title":"Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty and the Benford Test","display_name":"Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty and the Benford Test","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2261073281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41649-6_20","mag":"2261073281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41649-6_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41649-6_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042115323","display_name":"Scott Garrabrant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I283854653","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4ass90","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Garrabrant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055712858","display_name":"Tsvi Benson-Tilsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I283854653","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4ass90","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsvi Benson-Tilsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","University of California, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067084231","display_name":"Siddharth Bhaskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-8768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Bhaskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030040243","display_name":"Abram Demski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I283854653","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4ass90","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abram Demski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043246707","display_name":"Joanna Garrabrant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I283854653","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4ass90","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Garrabrant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","University of California, Berkeley, USA","University of California, Los Angeles, USA","University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039758539","display_name":"George Koleszarik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I283854653","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4ass90","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Koleszarik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","University of California, Berkeley, USA","University of California, Los Angeles, USA","University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068541041","display_name":"Evan Lloyd","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87178369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"202","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13720","display_name":"Benford\u2019s Law and Fraud Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13720","display_name":"Benford\u2019s Law and Fraud Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omniscience","display_name":"Omniscience","score":0.7286409735679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.709686279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.4799899756908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4653492867946625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4635222852230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-conjunction","display_name":"Logical conjunction","score":0.4524012506008148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3740796744823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3502994179725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25783300399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.18213695287704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08660122752189636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776127325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424662","display_name":"Omniscience","level":2,"score":0.7286409735679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.709686279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.4799899756908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4653492867946625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4635222852230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.4524012506008148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3740796744823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3502994179725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25783300399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.18213695287704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08660122752189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41649-6_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41649-6_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25317683","https://openalex.org/W151827979","https://openalex.org/W335361596","https://openalex.org/W767408341","https://openalex.org/W1565385188","https://openalex.org/W1574049752","https://openalex.org/W1585529040","https://openalex.org/W1996086725","https://openalex.org/W2002685565","https://openalex.org/W2004471951","https://openalex.org/W2053205169","https://openalex.org/W2067580807","https://openalex.org/W2078472124","https://openalex.org/W2083716186","https://openalex.org/W2096880290","https://openalex.org/W2101734711","https://openalex.org/W2112039549","https://openalex.org/W2158765820","https://openalex.org/W2163068690","https://openalex.org/W2326912991","https://openalex.org/W2327679483","https://openalex.org/W2583022229","https://openalex.org/W2611627047","https://openalex.org/W2914728526","https://openalex.org/W2953361238","https://openalex.org/W3099671035","https://openalex.org/W4205442351","https://openalex.org/W4206427571","https://openalex.org/W4248175720","https://openalex.org/W4300169355","https://openalex.org/W4319590843","https://openalex.org/W6816753973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230141785","https://openalex.org/W4387120232","https://openalex.org/W2351976579","https://openalex.org/W2400353580","https://openalex.org/W4283810044","https://openalex.org/W4254490362","https://openalex.org/W4239663613","https://openalex.org/W3151193637","https://openalex.org/W4309703372","https://openalex.org/W2130914060"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
