{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2477166557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39516-6_20","title":"Automatic Facial Recognition: A Systematic Review on the Problem of Light Variation","display_name":"Automatic Facial Recognition: A Systematic Review on the Problem of Light Variation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2477166557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39516-6_20","mag":"2477166557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39516-6_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39516-6_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029069850","display_name":"Kelvin S. Prado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin S. Prado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051844152","display_name":"Norton Trevisan Roman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0563-2045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norton T. Roman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020809433","display_name":"Valdinei F. Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valdinei F. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008787964","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Luiz Bernardes J\u00fanior","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8248-113X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o L. Bernardes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080238381","display_name":"Luciano Ant\u00f4nio Digiampietri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-1548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano A. Digiampietri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104044185","display_name":"Enrique Miluzzi Ortega","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique M. Ortega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Kung-Fu Academy, Campinas, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Kung-Fu Academy, Campinas, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030763025","display_name":"Clodoaldo A. M. Lima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-5348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clodoaldo A. M. Lima","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032565785","display_name":"Luis M. V. Cura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160347","display_name":"ThyssenKrupp (Brazil)","ror":"https://ror.org/04y0ypp13","country_code":"BR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160347","https://openalex.org/I71830129"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis M. V. Cura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campo Limpo Paulista Faculty, Campo Limpo Paulista, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campo Limpo Paulista Faculty, Campo Limpo Paulista, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160347"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026315809","display_name":"Marcelo M. Antunes","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo M. Antunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Kung-Fu Academy, Campinas, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Kung-Fu Academy, Campinas, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029069850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82784238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9628000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8576127290725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.6891571283340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notice","display_name":"Notice","score":0.6211854815483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5575218200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5542657375335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5368083119392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5094884037971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49886202812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39841628074645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3440912365913391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8576127290725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.6891571283340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.6211854815483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5575218200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5542657375335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5368083119392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5094884037971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49886202812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39841628074645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3440912365913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39516-6_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39516-6_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514503772","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1974753411","https://openalex.org/W1985820353","https://openalex.org/W1988030826","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2051004732","https://openalex.org/W2057802089","https://openalex.org/W2065669311","https://openalex.org/W2068791026","https://openalex.org/W2072066020","https://openalex.org/W2078118580","https://openalex.org/W2083125768","https://openalex.org/W2098805611","https://openalex.org/W2112889201","https://openalex.org/W2118271890","https://openalex.org/W2125782172","https://openalex.org/W2144143728","https://openalex.org/W2172157973","https://openalex.org/W2534765623","https://openalex.org/W2577481973","https://openalex.org/W3021811746","https://openalex.org/W4205392983","https://openalex.org/W4235029446","https://openalex.org/W6601560401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018282762","https://openalex.org/W2558055997","https://openalex.org/W2791183434","https://openalex.org/W2353369313","https://openalex.org/W2086339586","https://openalex.org/W4300782058","https://openalex.org/W2394387726","https://openalex.org/W2378724474","https://openalex.org/W2556800355","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}