{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2399763372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27677-9_8","title":"Automatic Detection and Recognition of Symbols and Text on the Road Surface","display_name":"Automatic Detection and Recognition of Symbols and Text on the Road Surface","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2399763372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27677-9_8","mag":"2399763372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27677-9_8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27677-9_8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037232795","display_name":"Jack Greenhalgh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-6160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jack Greenhalgh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Information Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Information Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007937949","display_name":"Majid Mirmehdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-1403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Mirmehdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Information Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Information Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037232795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95431834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"124","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7803817987442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6881541609764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.6751227378845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.611035943031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.6015167236328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5891137719154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5496023893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5400925278663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective-distortion","display_name":"Perspective distortion","score":0.5338885188102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5144827365875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.48323068022727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.46988773345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.45262759923934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.4390374422073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4287766218185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4123713970184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29943177103996277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7803817987442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6881541609764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.6751227378845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.611035943031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.6015167236328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5891137719154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5496023893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5400925278663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779989122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15889487","display_name":"Perspective distortion","level":3,"score":0.5338885188102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5144827365875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.48323068022727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.46988773345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.45262759923934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.4390374422073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4287766218185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4123713970184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29943177103996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27677-9_8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27677-9_8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W899173","https://openalex.org/W8082930","https://openalex.org/W1508596920","https://openalex.org/W1968234316","https://openalex.org/W1980911747","https://openalex.org/W1984282152","https://openalex.org/W2001369707","https://openalex.org/W2030138018","https://openalex.org/W2069248067","https://openalex.org/W2069940231","https://openalex.org/W2075206029","https://openalex.org/W2079931787","https://openalex.org/W2090764237","https://openalex.org/W2133585595","https://openalex.org/W2145767430","https://openalex.org/W2154683974","https://openalex.org/W2155491122","https://openalex.org/W2397726004","https://openalex.org/W3150744524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312612713","https://openalex.org/W1964182740","https://openalex.org/W2042634493","https://openalex.org/W2728450881","https://openalex.org/W2100798736","https://openalex.org/W2481236784","https://openalex.org/W3127964174","https://openalex.org/W4383748232","https://openalex.org/W2085262576","https://openalex.org/W2786227708"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}