{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1901129140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","title":"U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation","display_name":"U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1901129140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","mag":"1901129140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045981348","display_name":"Olaf Ronneberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-1515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olaf Ronneberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041583196","display_name":"Philipp Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-5420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070290355","display_name":"Thomas Brox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-8861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Brox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045981348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1337.709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90212,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"234","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8862078189849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7002106308937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6719903945922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.661852240562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.6273837685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5723255276679993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5234743356704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5164766311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4943387508392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.47180619835853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4360731840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.4321242570877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.42563506960868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4167029857635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17055156826972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09979626536369324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8862078189849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7002106308937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6719903945922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.661852240562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.6273837685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5723255276679993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5234743356704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5164766311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4943387508392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.47180619835853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4360731840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4321242570877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.42563506960868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4167029857635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17055156826972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09979626536369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":false},"content_urls":{"grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1901129140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1893585201","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W1969013163","https://openalex.org/W2106146968","https://openalex.org/W2141273399","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2148349024","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167510172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2517104666","https://openalex.org/W2005437358","https://openalex.org/W1669643531","https://openalex.org/W2008656436","https://openalex.org/W2134924024","https://openalex.org/W2023558673","https://openalex.org/W2110230079","https://openalex.org/W1982826852","https://openalex.org/W2613186388","https://openalex.org/W1967061043"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5172},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14216},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14537},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13561},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11603},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12279},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9200},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6149},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2640},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":709},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
