{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298446618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_449","title":"Generalization and Symbolization","display_name":"Generalization and Symbolization","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298446618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418272","display_name":"Encyclopedia of GIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of GIS","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076259151","display_name":"William Mackaness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William A. Mackaness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023013847","display_name":"Omair Chaudhry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omair Chaudhry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076259151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5923732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"645","last_page":"656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8323000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8323000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12483","display_name":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","score":0.7770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.747259259223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.37987205386161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3506007194519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34635043144226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3280297815799713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.04610323905944824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.747259259223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37987205386161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3506007194519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34635043144226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3280297815799713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.04610323905944824}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418272","display_name":"Encyclopedia of GIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of GIS","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528711205","https://openalex.org/W1558737139","https://openalex.org/W1607911701","https://openalex.org/W2032293917","https://openalex.org/W2035873138","https://openalex.org/W2039181786","https://openalex.org/W2294287269","https://openalex.org/W4230322012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2042127053","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}