{"id":"https://openalex.org/W309790879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13560-1_54","title":"Question Classification Based on Fine-Grained PoS Annotation of Nouns and Interrogative Pronouns","display_name":"Question Classification Based on Fine-Grained PoS Annotation of Nouns and Interrogative Pronouns","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W309790879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13560-1_54","mag":"309790879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13560-1_54","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13560-1_54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075265728","display_name":"Juan Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","[Beijing Institute of Technology.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Beijing Institute of Technology.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082774439","display_name":"Zhendong Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0576-7572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZhenDong Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, America","University of Pittsburgh","Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749940","display_name":"Chunxia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0897-7986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","[Beijing Institute of Technology.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Beijing Institute of Technology.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"680","last_page":"693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8714704513549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7376677989959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7272825241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6968209147453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.6082766652107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interrogative","display_name":"Interrogative","score":0.5828331112861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5584266781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5409714579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.5029510855674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4481580853462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech","display_name":"Part of speech","score":0.4444121718406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16434165835380554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8714704513549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7376677989959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7272825241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6968209147453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.6082766652107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57098296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12021746","display_name":"Interrogative","level":2,"score":0.5828331112861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5584266781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5409714579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5029510855674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4481580853462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123406163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82042","display_name":"Part of speech","level":2,"score":0.4444121718406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16434165835380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13560-1_54","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13560-1_54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109327903","https://openalex.org/W160318044","https://openalex.org/W300553845","https://openalex.org/W1509566333","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2052636518","https://openalex.org/W2061495585","https://openalex.org/W2066818105","https://openalex.org/W2106390866","https://openalex.org/W2139840995","https://openalex.org/W2162526436","https://openalex.org/W2315855973","https://openalex.org/W2329709597","https://openalex.org/W2347619428","https://openalex.org/W2359733825","https://openalex.org/W2366037047","https://openalex.org/W2370252485","https://openalex.org/W2373570331","https://openalex.org/W2620858438","https://openalex.org/W2955259376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2305197319","https://openalex.org/W3092520036","https://openalex.org/W2359986910","https://openalex.org/W1920940326","https://openalex.org/W3135299534","https://openalex.org/W3094081749","https://openalex.org/W4386146983","https://openalex.org/W3211041971","https://openalex.org/W2362527251","https://openalex.org/W2892200803"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}