{"id":"https://openalex.org/W243077114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11310-4_34","title":"An Orphan Drug Legislation System","display_name":"An Orphan Drug Legislation System","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W243077114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11310-4_34","mag":"243077114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11310-4_34","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11310-4_34","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764905038","display_name":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","issn_l":"2194-5357","issn":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057631804","display_name":"Ahmed Abdel Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-8992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdel Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080935293","display_name":"Moustafa Zein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-8985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moustafa Zein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027822938","display_name":"Mohammed Atef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-3404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Atef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085505502","display_name":"Ammar Adl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-2116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Adl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040919689","display_name":"Kareem Kamal A. Ghany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-1313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kareem Kamal A. Ghany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt","Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085432173","display_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057631804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08974102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"389","last_page":"399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orphan-drug","display_name":"Orphan drug","score":0.9696996212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.5703030228614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-disease","display_name":"Rare disease","score":0.41470763087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.38608938455581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33966803550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.3395264744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.18422585725784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.17972323298454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07052496075630188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75480439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367466","display_name":"Orphan drug","level":2,"score":0.9696996212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5703030228614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929833","display_name":"Rare disease","level":3,"score":0.41470763087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38608938455581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33966803550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3395264744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.18422585725784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.17972323298454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07052496075630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11310-4_34","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11310-4_34","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764905038","display_name":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","issn_l":"2194-5357","issn":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132296830","https://openalex.org/W1967601852","https://openalex.org/W1970577443","https://openalex.org/W1988909822","https://openalex.org/W1991493796","https://openalex.org/W2001816314","https://openalex.org/W2042110087","https://openalex.org/W2056881083","https://openalex.org/W2058885078","https://openalex.org/W2064576005","https://openalex.org/W2085809352","https://openalex.org/W2089364185","https://openalex.org/W2091515885","https://openalex.org/W2119512897","https://openalex.org/W2119829512","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2155159115","https://openalex.org/W2320034101","https://openalex.org/W2911964244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290831848","https://openalex.org/W3005215717","https://openalex.org/W3156933552","https://openalex.org/W1497104987","https://openalex.org/W2225851979","https://openalex.org/W2189494653","https://openalex.org/W3213046642","https://openalex.org/W4385476802","https://openalex.org/W2048432608","https://openalex.org/W2803023818"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
