{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2286287042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","title":"A Serial Combination of Neural Network for Arabic OCR","display_name":"A Serial Combination of Neural Network for Arabic OCR","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2286287042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","mag":"2286287042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088971712","display_name":"Leila Chergui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132180716","display_name":"Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi","ror":"https://ror.org/0034tbg85","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leila Chergui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory on Computer Science\u2019s Complex Systems,(ReLa (CS) 2), Oum El Bouaghi University, Algeria","Research Laboratory on Computer Science's Complex Systems,(ReLa (CS) 2), Oum El Bouaghi University, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory on Computer Science\u2019s Complex Systems,(ReLa (CS) 2), Oum El Bouaghi University, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory on Computer Science's Complex Systems,(ReLa (CS) 2), Oum El Bouaghi University, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077194793","display_name":"Ma\u00e2mar Kef","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162489102","display_name":"University of Batna 1","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrbe508","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162489102"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maamar Kef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University Hadj Lakhder, Batna, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University Hadj Lakhder, Batna, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162489102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088971712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64961493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"297","last_page":"303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7339227199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7244230508804321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.606564462184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5580976605415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5543903708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.5200797915458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5175675749778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.46516159176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.456717848777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-resonance-theory","display_name":"Adaptive resonance theory","score":0.45592594146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.4419041872024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4080498516559601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.40712761878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3394693434238434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.21859785914421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20564183592796326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7339227199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7244230508804321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.606564462184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5580976605415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5543903708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.5200797915458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5175675749778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.46516159176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.456717848777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352487","display_name":"Adaptive resonance theory","level":3,"score":0.45592594146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.4419041872024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4080498516559601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.40712761878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3394693434238434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.21859785914421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20564183592796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-07998-1_34.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2286287042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2286287042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100328123","https://openalex.org/W101663867","https://openalex.org/W606202362","https://openalex.org/W1511991749","https://openalex.org/W1533810972","https://openalex.org/W1606617524","https://openalex.org/W1999589609","https://openalex.org/W2006309155","https://openalex.org/W2014710809","https://openalex.org/W2070844644","https://openalex.org/W2124868070","https://openalex.org/W2147321602","https://openalex.org/W2170194669","https://openalex.org/W2171927392","https://openalex.org/W2283937006","https://openalex.org/W2487087946","https://openalex.org/W2488663146","https://openalex.org/W2520933715","https://openalex.org/W3150649775","https://openalex.org/W4233655314","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300821890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2218402054","https://openalex.org/W4384296853","https://openalex.org/W4327773476","https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2011042697","https://openalex.org/W2085262576","https://openalex.org/W2135329887","https://openalex.org/W1762168263","https://openalex.org/W2943900795","https://openalex.org/W4383748232"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}