{"id":"https://openalex.org/W960091814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03756-1_33","title":"Automatic Eye Detection in Face Images for Unconstrained Biometrics Using Genetic Programming","display_name":"Automatic Eye Detection in Face Images for Unconstrained Biometrics Using Genetic Programming","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W960091814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03756-1_33","mag":"960091814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03756-1_33","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03756-1_33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004806184","display_name":"Chandrashekhar N. Padole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161321875","display_name":"University of Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandrashekhar Padole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Scholar at Dept. of Informatics, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal","Technical Consultant, IRDC India, Mumbai, Thane, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Scholar at Dept. of Informatics, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Consultant, IRDC India, Mumbai, Thane, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014051421","display_name":"Joanne Athaide","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113436","display_name":"SC Solutions (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x5py295","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanne Athaide","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Engineer, CoMira Solutions Inc, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","Technical Consultant, IRDC India, Mumbai, Thane, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Engineer, CoMira Solutions Inc, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Consultant, IRDC India, Mumbai, Thane, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004806184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58553127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"364","last_page":"375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8234603404998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7975159883499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.7043110728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6560697555541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.654202938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-wavelet","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","score":0.6523655652999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-filter","display_name":"Gabor filter","score":0.6486945748329163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.6350206136703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5750073194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5289670825004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5249547958374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5125370025634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5099202394485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.488044410943985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4567772448062897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.37120676040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.33703944087028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16410726308822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.13833466172218323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8234603404998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7975159883499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.7043110728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6560697555541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.654202938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136902061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16981559","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","level":5,"score":0.6523655652999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779883129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447890","display_name":"Gabor filter","level":3,"score":0.6486945748329163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.6350206136703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5750073194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5289670825004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5249547958374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5125370025634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5099202394485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.488044410943985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4567772448062897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.37120676040649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.33703944087028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16410726308822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.13833466172218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03756-1_33","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03756-1_33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507811735","https://openalex.org/W1555978681","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1820472433","https://openalex.org/W1963504747","https://openalex.org/W1969553436","https://openalex.org/W1979743748","https://openalex.org/W1996021349","https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2029683515","https://openalex.org/W2033291679","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2038034113","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2089606096","https://openalex.org/W2119635426","https://openalex.org/W2129733001","https://openalex.org/W2143304178","https://openalex.org/W2152690956","https://openalex.org/W2256578114","https://openalex.org/W2400964343","https://openalex.org/W2406223239","https://openalex.org/W2542495828","https://openalex.org/W2883512297","https://openalex.org/W2986444355","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300750523","https://openalex.org/W4406242844","https://openalex.org/W4410314367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2561856575","https://openalex.org/W1792573625","https://openalex.org/W1811332408","https://openalex.org/W2070838085","https://openalex.org/W2374740620","https://openalex.org/W2495360253","https://openalex.org/W2097965245","https://openalex.org/W1925901016","https://openalex.org/W37053142","https://openalex.org/W4294725171"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
