{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415964466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-29532-3_12","title":"Zoom In Disparities in\u00a0Healthcare LLM Q&A","display_name":"Zoom In Disparities in\u00a0Healthcare LLM Q&A","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415964466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-29532-3_12"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29532-3_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-29532-3_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.17476","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068105185","display_name":"Ipek Baris Schlicht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-2203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ipek Baris Schlicht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-2203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090706427","display_name":"Burcu Sayin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-127X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burcu Sayin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-127X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101991159","display_name":"Zhixue Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-269X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixue Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-269X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120282117","display_name":"Frederik M. Labont\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164149","display_name":"Bonn Aachen International Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/054zhq066","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I155417937","https://openalex.org/I4210164149","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154616","display_name":"Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/04s11ea33","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I200332995","https://openalex.org/I4210098062","https://openalex.org/I4210144576","https://openalex.org/I4387154616","https://openalex.org/I4923324","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederik M. Labont\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164149","https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120282118","display_name":"Cesare Barbera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesare Barbera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5568-6166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074645479","display_name":"Marco Viviani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2274-9050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Viviani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2274-9050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103045601","display_name":"Paolo Rosso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7739-5668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131846","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c0ach84","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Rosso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","ValgrAI Valencian Graduate School and Research Network of Artificial Intelligence, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-1242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ValgrAI Valencian Graduate School and Research Network of Artificial Intelligence, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080764714","display_name":"Lucie Flek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-8454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164149","display_name":"Bonn Aachen International Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/054zhq066","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I155417937","https://openalex.org/I4210164149","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154616","display_name":"Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/04s11ea33","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I200332995","https://openalex.org/I4210098062","https://openalex.org/I4210144576","https://openalex.org/I4387154616","https://openalex.org/I4923324","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucie Flek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-8454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164149","https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068105185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"154","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5273000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5273000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.0640999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.06080000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6559000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5587999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5184000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"Health equity","score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingualism","display_name":"Multilingualism","score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.34060001373291016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6559000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5587999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5184000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081","display_name":"Multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47602998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2588869","display_name":"Language barrier","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781255760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18354027","display_name":"Limited English proficiency","level":3,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780131953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17003063","display_name":"Health care quality","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29532-3_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-29532-3_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.17476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17476","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.17476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.17476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17476","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.17476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.17476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.17476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.17476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17476","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.17476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415964466.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035390927","https://openalex.org/W2613991940","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W4411630045","https://openalex.org/W4239085603","https://openalex.org/W7120088840","https://openalex.org/W4414281281","https://openalex.org/W7138400963","https://openalex.org/W4396736209","https://openalex.org/W4402670880","https://openalex.org/W4387321091","https://openalex.org/W4415230400","https://openalex.org/W3174022780","https://openalex.org/W4404784034","https://openalex.org/W2782223840","https://openalex.org/W4404782521","https://openalex.org/W4401043365","https://openalex.org/W4409183257","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4408178257","https://openalex.org/W2003573845","https://openalex.org/W2017329135","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W4226027718","https://openalex.org/W4414746620","https://openalex.org/W4405755646","https://openalex.org/W4385572448","https://openalex.org/W2913640436"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00"}