{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161487910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1","title":"Pono 2.0: A Versatile SMT-Based Model Checker for\u00a0Safety and\u00a0Liveness (Long Tool Paper)","display_name":"Pono 2.0: A Versatile SMT-Based Model Checker for\u00a0Safety and\u00a0Liveness (Long Tool Paper)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161487910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127562637","display_name":"\u00c1ron Ricardo Perez-Lopez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ron Ricardo Perez-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-7438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039939942","display_name":"Po-Chun Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5139-5178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018771216","display_name":"LMU Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jet3w32","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Chun Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5139-5178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018771216","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040670461","display_name":"Florian Lonsing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-7231"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Lonsing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-7231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linz, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127667722","display_name":"Samantha Archer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Archer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-5589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051886672","display_name":"Ahmed Irfan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Irfan","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International, Menlo Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-9021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136354797","display_name":"Clark Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clark Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5127562637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9412000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6905999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.6615999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6362000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensibility","display_name":"Extensibility","score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.3465999960899353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9412000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9222999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6905999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.6615999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6362000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-26220-2_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7770670008","display_name":"Br\u00fcckenbildung zwischen Hardware und SoftwareAnalyse","funder_award_id":"536040111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8404958574","display_name":"GRK 2428: CONVEY  Continuous Verification of CYberPhysical Systems","funder_award_id":"378803395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161487910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161487910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35008586","https://openalex.org/W221832247","https://openalex.org/W233122475","https://openalex.org/W1128447031","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1489391022","https://openalex.org/W1495266209","https://openalex.org/W1510368738","https://openalex.org/W1528837436","https://openalex.org/W1566132409","https://openalex.org/W1583869287","https://openalex.org/W1815155750","https://openalex.org/W1875182499","https://openalex.org/W1995969393","https://openalex.org/W2061438988","https://openalex.org/W2098244894","https://openalex.org/W2132107743","https://openalex.org/W2139720682","https://openalex.org/W2146110773","https://openalex.org/W2147348835","https://openalex.org/W2158395308","https://openalex.org/W2278821771","https://openalex.org/W2503425026","https://openalex.org/W2514073783","https://openalex.org/W2736628975","https://openalex.org/W2765527199","https://openalex.org/W2884110986","https://openalex.org/W2909040172","https://openalex.org/W2914206182","https://openalex.org/W2947455595","https://openalex.org/W2960656136","https://openalex.org/W3016942189","https://openalex.org/W3138459719","https://openalex.org/W3163735934","https://openalex.org/W3164356218","https://openalex.org/W3186561113","https://openalex.org/W3195383897","https://openalex.org/W4225922019","https://openalex.org/W4246691913","https://openalex.org/W4254033710","https://openalex.org/W4254459063","https://openalex.org/W4294598978","https://openalex.org/W4384471248","https://openalex.org/W4384521894","https://openalex.org/W4384573121","https://openalex.org/W4393942804","https://openalex.org/W4400582497","https://openalex.org/W4400973078","https://openalex.org/W4400973154","https://openalex.org/W4400973194","https://openalex.org/W4403344907","https://openalex.org/W4407180117","https://openalex.org/W4409285521","https://openalex.org/W4409967415","https://openalex.org/W4409996930","https://openalex.org/W4412532884","https://openalex.org/W4412532934","https://openalex.org/W4412532975","https://openalex.org/W4412533022","https://openalex.org/W4412533104","https://openalex.org/W6908901573","https://openalex.org/W6927586847","https://openalex.org/W7083818312","https://openalex.org/W7083831113","https://openalex.org/W7132824254","https://openalex.org/W7154476362"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1],"introduce":[2],"an":[3],"updated":[4],"version":[5,58,92,101],"of":[6,29,82,89],"the":[7,90],"Pono":[8,11,113],"model":[9,16,108],"checker.":[10],"is":[12],"a":[13,26,33,74,80,117],"versatile":[14],"SMT-based":[15],"checker":[17],"that":[18],"integrates":[19],"multiple":[20],"verification":[21,122],"algorithms":[22],"and":[23,47,50,79,84,102,119],"interfaces":[24],"with":[25],"wide":[27],"range":[28],"SMT":[30],"solvers":[31],"through":[32],"solver-agnostic":[34],"back":[35],"end.":[36],"It":[37],"emphasizes":[38],"usability,":[39],"offering":[40],"support":[41,66],"for":[42,53,67],"commonly":[43],"used":[44],"input":[45],"formats":[46],"providing":[48],"C++":[49],"Python":[51],"APIs":[52],"programmatic":[54],"access.":[55],"The":[56],"new":[57,63,70,75,91],"2.0":[59],"introduces":[60],"several":[61],"important":[62],"features,":[64],"including":[65],"liveness":[68],"properties,":[69],"interpolation-based":[71],"safety-checking":[72],"engines,":[73],"VMT-LIB":[76],"front":[77],"end,":[78],"number":[81],"usability":[83],"performance":[85,97,104],"enhancements.":[86],"An":[87],"evaluation":[88],"demonstrates":[93],"significant":[94],"improvements":[95],"in":[96],"over":[98],"its":[99],"previous":[100],"comparable":[103],"to":[105],"other":[106],"state-of-the-art":[107],"checkers.":[109],"These":[110],"results":[111],"highlight":[112],"2.0\u2019s":[114],"effectiveness":[115],"as":[116],"general-purpose":[118],"easily":[120],"extensible":[121],"platform.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-05-18T00:00:00"}
