{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124438368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8","title":"The Ethical Requirements Stack: Operationalizing Adaptive Ethical Requirements with\u00a0Human-AI Collaboration and\u00a0GPT-Based LLMs","display_name":"The Ethical Requirements Stack: Operationalizing Adaptive Ethical Requirements with\u00a0Human-AI Collaboration and\u00a0GPT-Based LLMs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124438368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177767","display_name":"Lecture notes in business information processing","issn_l":"1865-1348","issn":["1865-1348","1865-1356"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037579198","display_name":"Mamia Agbese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-7153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mamia Agbese","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Seminaarinkatu, 40014, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-7153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Seminaarinkatu, 40014, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038917423","display_name":"Rebekah Rousi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","display_name":"University of Vaasa","ror":"https://ror.org/03769b225","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebekah Rousi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vaasa, Wolffintie 32, 65200, Vaasa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-3528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vaasa, Wolffintie 32, 65200, Vaasa, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123242171","display_name":"Pekka Abrahamsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Abrahamsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-2226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037579198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11343416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"92","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.8712000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.8712000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.042399998754262924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.6870999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-ethics","display_name":"Business ethics","score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-engagement","display_name":"Stakeholder engagement","score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-analysis","display_name":"Requirements analysis","score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.32409998774528503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6870999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119232533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873451","display_name":"Business ethics","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780984029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2930198","display_name":"Stakeholder engagement","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59488412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187147","display_name":"Requirements analysis","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123247970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001932","display_name":"Business requirements","level":4,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45384764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838667","display_name":"Requirements elicitation","level":4,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173577280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530038","display_name":"Requirements management","level":4,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177767","display_name":"Lecture notes in business information processing","issn_l":"1865-1348","issn":["1865-1348","1865-1356"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/234756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/234756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-14518-5_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177767","display_name":"Lecture notes in business information processing","issn_l":"1865-1348","issn":["1865-1348","1865-1356"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5470466613769531,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310041","display_name":"Foundation for Economic Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05323zs40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124438368.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118298147","https://openalex.org/W2270216281","https://openalex.org/W2486564388","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W3004771084","https://openalex.org/W3135755970","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W3198302959","https://openalex.org/W4220689621","https://openalex.org/W4239958308","https://openalex.org/W4285208825","https://openalex.org/W4297313127","https://openalex.org/W4297903006","https://openalex.org/W4367394488","https://openalex.org/W4380568666","https://openalex.org/W4386122321","https://openalex.org/W4386893745","https://openalex.org/W4388002171","https://openalex.org/W4389117235","https://openalex.org/W4392851477","https://openalex.org/W4396956214","https://openalex.org/W4399163214","https://openalex.org/W4402589805","https://openalex.org/W4403664834","https://openalex.org/W4404088697","https://openalex.org/W4404418091","https://openalex.org/W4404888668","https://openalex.org/W4406083100","https://openalex.org/W4406479451","https://openalex.org/W4406911631"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74],"ongoing":[1],"evolution":[2],"and":[3,42,62,100,140,148,169,179],"societal":[4],"impact":[5],"of":[6,117,145,176],"AI":[7,16,163],"systems":[8],"demand":[9],"systematic":[10],"methods":[11],"to":[12,22,59,70,97],"embed":[13],"ethics":[14,160],"into":[15,27,161],"development.":[17],"Existing":[18],"approaches":[19],"often":[20],"struggle":[21],"translate":[23],"high-level":[24],"ethical":[25,64,101,119,138,171],"principles":[26],"concrete,":[28],"adaptable":[29],"software":[30,128],"requirements,":[31],"resulting":[32],"in":[33],"\u201cethical":[34],"debt\u201d":[35],"that":[36,83,133],"risks":[37],"reputational":[38],"harm,":[39],"regulatory":[40],"issues,":[41],"diminished":[43],"stakeholder":[44],"trust.":[45],"This":[46,152],"paper":[47],"introduces":[48],"the":[49,112,115,134,142,162],"Ethical":[50],"Requirements":[51],"Stack":[52],"(ERS),":[53],"a":[54,79,104,155,174],"structured,":[55],"multi-layered":[56],"artifact":[57],"designed":[58],"elicit,":[60],"decompose,":[61],"manage":[63],"requirements":[65,181],"(ERs)":[66],"from":[67],"abstract":[68],"themes":[69],"actionable":[71],"development":[72,164],"tasks.":[73],"ERS":[75,113,135],"is":[76],"operationalized":[77],"through":[78,173],"human\u2013AI":[80],"collaborative":[81],"workflow":[82],"leverages":[84],"GPT-based":[85],"Large":[86],"Language":[87],"Models":[88],"(LLMs)":[89],"for":[90,158],"scalable":[91],"ideation,":[92],"complemented":[93],"by":[94],"human":[95,149],"oversight":[96],"ensure":[98],"contextual":[99],"alignment.":[102],"Using":[103],"design":[105,178],"science":[106],"research":[107],"methodology,":[108],"we":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"how":[111],"supports":[114],"translation":[116],"stakeholder-elicited":[118],"values\u2014aligned":[120],"with":[121],"frameworks":[122],"such":[123],"as":[124],"IEEE":[125],"7000\u2122-2021\u2014into":[126],"traceable":[127],"specifications.":[129],"Our":[130],"findings":[131],"show":[132],"enables":[136],"structured":[137],"reasoning":[139],"highlights":[141],"complementary":[143],"strengths":[144],"AI-generated":[146],"breadth":[147],"critical":[150],"judgment.":[151],"work":[153],"contributes":[154],"practical":[156],"approach":[157],"integrating":[159],"lifecycle,":[165],"supporting":[166],"responsible":[167],"innovation":[168],"reducing":[170],"debt":[172],"combination":[175],"human-centered":[177],"LLM-assisted":[180],"engineering.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
