{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7089653574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9","title":"Exploring Ensemble Strategies for\u00a0Graph Counterfactual Explanations","display_name":"Exploring Ensemble Strategies for\u00a0Graph Counterfactual Explanations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7089653574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mario Alfonso Prado-Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-3515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150763","display_name":"Gran Sasso Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/043qcb444","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mario Alfonso Prado-Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Gran Sasso Tech, L\u2019Aquila, Italy","Gran Sasso Science Institute, L\u2019Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-3515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Gran Sasso Tech, L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gran Sasso Science Institute, L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bardh Prenkaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-2279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bardh Prenkaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-2279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Giovanni Stilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Stilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L\u2019Aquila, L\u2019Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-0213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L\u2019Aquila, L\u2019Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150763"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77092885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12857","display_name":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","score":0.18559999763965607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12857","display_name":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","score":0.18559999763965607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.05000000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.0333000011742115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.916100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-graph-analysis","display_name":"Power graph analysis","score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regret","display_name":"Regret","score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.34290000796318054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.916100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7968000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5311999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106937863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236518","display_name":"Power graph analysis","level":3,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50817715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79895177","display_name":"Regret","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137753397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434424","display_name":"Network science","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.luiss.it:11385/255138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11385/255138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196446","display_name":"IRIS - Institutional Research Information System (Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56441308","host_organization_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56441308"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-08330-2_9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317964049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IR0000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4862644622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E13C22001060006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G903117326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECS00000041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323718","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7089653574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7089653574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W2003627696","https://openalex.org/W2061425021","https://openalex.org/W2093717447","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2168689650","https://openalex.org/W2606395562","https://openalex.org/W2789758093","https://openalex.org/W2899457523","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W3110901318","https://openalex.org/W3116637551","https://openalex.org/W3166795997","https://openalex.org/W3207900600","https://openalex.org/W4207038758","https://openalex.org/W4224309172","https://openalex.org/W4225150645","https://openalex.org/W4225876201","https://openalex.org/W4280617006","https://openalex.org/W4285077493","https://openalex.org/W4285416263","https://openalex.org/W4290927778","https://openalex.org/W4296888763","https://openalex.org/W4306317642","https://openalex.org/W4321485347","https://openalex.org/W4321485670","https://openalex.org/W4386075552","https://openalex.org/W4386390750","https://openalex.org/W4386596155","https://openalex.org/W4393112602","https://openalex.org/W4404371570","https://openalex.org/W4405939956"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Recent":[1],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,16,39,77,166],"graph":[4],"neural":[5],"networks":[6],"(GNNs)":[7],"have":[8],"significantly":[9,171],"enhanced":[10],"the":[11,29,83,116,173],"performance":[12],"of":[13,32,168,175],"AI":[14],"systems":[15],"tasks":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"community":[20],"detection,":[21],"user":[22,36,64],"friendship":[23],"prediction,":[24],"and":[25,44,62,80,123,141],"drug":[26],"discovery.":[27],"However,":[28],"opaque":[30],"nature":[31],"these":[33,96,150],"models":[34],"undermines":[35],"trust,":[37],"especially":[38],"sensitive":[40],"domains":[41],"like":[42],"health":[43],"finance.":[45],"Graph":[46],"Counterfactual":[47],"Explanation":[48],"(GCE)":[49],"methods":[50,74,162],"aim":[51],"to":[52,94,114,129],"mitigate":[53],"this":[54],"issue":[55],"by":[56,72,98],"providing":[57],"insights":[58],"into":[59],"model":[60],"predictions":[61],"suggesting":[63],"actions":[65],"for":[66,120],"alternative":[67],"outcomes.":[68],"Yet,":[69],"GCEs":[70],"produced":[71],"different":[73],"often":[75],"vary":[76],"quality,":[78,169],"diversity,":[79],"alignment":[81],"with":[82],"original":[84],"model\u2019s":[85],"predictions.":[86],"This":[87],"work":[88],"introduces":[89],"an":[90],"ensemble-based":[91],"approach":[92,104],"designed":[93],"address":[95],"inconsistencies":[97],"leveraging":[99],"multiple":[100,127],"GCE":[101,161],"methods.":[102],"Our":[103,145],"comprises":[105],"two":[106],"main":[107],"strategies:":[108],"Selection":[109,156],",":[110,125,157],"employing":[111],"multi-criteria":[112],"optimization":[113],"choose":[115],"optimal":[117],"base":[118],"explanation":[119],"each":[121],"case,":[122],"Aggregation":[124],"combining":[126],"explanations":[128],"form":[130],"a":[131],"more":[132],"robust":[133],"overall":[134],"explanation.":[135],"We":[136],"propose":[137],"three":[138],"selection":[139],"strategies":[140],"six":[142],"aggregation":[143],"strategies.":[144],"experimental":[146],"evaluation":[147],"demonstrates":[148],"that":[149],"ensemble":[151],"methods,":[152],"particularly":[153],"Ideal-Point":[154],"Multi-Criteria":[155],"consistently":[158],"outperform":[159],"individual":[160],"across":[163],"diverse":[164],"datasets":[165],"terms":[167],"thereby":[170],"improving":[172],"interpretability":[174],"GNNs.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-13T00:00:00"}