{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415043059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7","title":"Integrating LLMs with\u00a0QC-OpenDRIVE: Ensuring Normative Correctness in\u00a0Autonomous Driving Scenarios","display_name":"Integrating LLMs with\u00a0QC-OpenDRIVE: Ensuring Normative Correctness in\u00a0Autonomous Driving Scenarios","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415043059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002901983","display_name":"Julian M. M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-2405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julian M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Institute of Systems Engineering for Future Mobility, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Systems Engineering for Future Mobility, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030443430","display_name":"Thies de Graaff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5918-9524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thies de Graaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Institute of Systems Engineering for Future Mobility, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Systems Engineering for Future Mobility, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076336925","display_name":"Eike M\u00f6hlmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-6353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eike M\u00f6hlmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Institute of Systems Engineering for Future Mobility, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Systems Engineering for Future Mobility, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002901983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44128424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.9038000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.47369998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-model-of-decision-making","display_name":"Normative model of decision-making","score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4221000075340271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.9038000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8658000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.47369998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137549413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7053127","display_name":"Normative model of decision-making","level":3,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777055276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936580","display_name":"Visual approach","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76214141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465506","display_name":"Separation of concerns","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:216257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415043059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415043059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493603909","https://openalex.org/W3118123689","https://openalex.org/W3155776565","https://openalex.org/W4306167230","https://openalex.org/W4391770278","https://openalex.org/W4396877721","https://openalex.org/W4400647013","https://openalex.org/W4402727068","https://openalex.org/W4404534210"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,241],"paper":[2,88],"investigates":[3],"on":[4,48,147],"the":[5,13,32,42,50,70,157,160,176,208,217,244],"integration":[6,91],"of":[7,35,72,83,92,140,210,219,232,253],"Large":[8],"Language":[9],"Models":[10],"(LLMs)":[11],"with":[12,95,238],"framework":[14],"in":[15,31],"order":[16],"to":[17,66,102,128,150,192,215,228],"generate":[18,104,180],"syntactically":[19,68,181],"and":[20,97,155,174,182,196,250],"semantically":[21,183],"correct":[22],"OpenDRIVE":[23,25,85,152],"files.":[24],"files":[26,86],"play":[27],"an":[28,90],"important":[29],"role":[30],"scenario-based":[33],"validation":[34,71,213,252],"autonomous":[36,255],"driving":[37,256],"systems":[38],"as":[39],"they":[40,108],"define":[41],"static":[43],"part":[44],"(e.g.":[45],"road":[46,106,153],"layout)":[47],"which":[49,63,135],"function":[51],"are":[52,145],"validated.":[53],"While":[54,99],"LLMs":[55,96,220],"excel":[56],"at":[57],"generating":[58],"code":[59],"or":[60,114,117,171],"similar":[61],"tasks":[62,149],"mostly":[64],"needs":[65],"be":[67,226],"correct,":[69],"semantic,":[73],"especially":[74,198],"normative,":[75],"correctness":[76,82],"remains":[77],"challenging.":[78],"To":[79,120],"ensure":[80,129],"norm-adherent":[81],"generated":[84],"this":[87,122,141],"proposes":[89],"a":[93,137],"feedback-loop":[94],".":[98],"LLM":[100],"allow":[101],"easily":[103],"different":[105],"layouts,":[107],"often":[109],"show":[110,163],"issues":[111],"like":[112],"missing":[113],"unconnected":[115],"roads":[116],"improper":[118],"continuity.":[119],"address":[121],"issue,":[123],"we":[124],"have":[125],"implemented":[126],"E.5.9.1":[127],"geometric":[130,200],"continuity":[131],"between":[132,246],"connected":[133],"roads,":[134],"is":[136],"key":[138],"contribution":[139],"paper.":[142],"State-of-the-art":[143],"models":[144,165],"evaluated":[146],"three":[148],"create":[151],"networks":[154],"validate":[156],"results":[158,206],"featuring":[159],"feedback-loop.":[161],"Results":[162],"that":[164],"leveraging":[166],"Retrieval":[167],"Augmented":[168],"Generation":[169],"(RAG)":[170],"internal":[172],"reasoning":[173],"using":[175],"feedback":[177],"loop":[178],"can":[179,225],"valid":[184],"outputs":[185],"after":[186],"iterative":[187],"corrections.":[188],"However,":[189],"challenges":[190],"remain":[191],"prompt":[193],"complex":[194],"scenarios":[195,234],"tasks,":[197],"following":[199],"rules":[201],"without":[202],"explicit":[203],"feedback.":[204],"The":[205],"demonstrate":[207],"necessity":[209],"domain-specific":[211],"normative":[212],"frameworks":[214],"prepare":[216],"use":[218],"for":[221],"safety-critical":[222],"applications.":[223],"They":[224],"used":[227],"enable":[229],"scalable":[230],"generation":[231,249],"edge-case":[233],"while":[235],"ensuring":[236],"compliance":[237],"industry":[239],"standards.":[240],"work":[242],"bridges":[243],"gap":[245],"automated":[247],"scenario":[248],"rigorous":[251],"reliable":[254],"systems.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-11T00:00:00"}
